HIV Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Follow along on Twitter! #MyanmarDHS @DHSprogram HIV Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors

HIV knowledge HIV-related attitudes and behaviours HIV testing HIV and youth

Awareness of AIDS by Education 92% of women and men in Myanmar have heard of AIDS

Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods Percent of women and men age 15-49 who know that HIV can be prevented by: Knowledge of HIV prevention measures is much lower that HIV awareness. 54% of women and 62% men know that the risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms and limiting sex to one faithful, uninfected partner.

Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods by Education Percent of women and men age 15-49 who know that HIV can be prevented by using condoms AND limiting sex to one uninfected partner Knowledge of HIV prevention increases with education.

Beliefs about HIV and AIDS Percent of women and men age 15-49 who say that: Many adults lack accurate knowledge about the ways through which HIV can and cannot be transmitted. Only 20% of women and 22% of men have comprehensive knowledge about HIV and AIDS. *Comprehensive knowledge means knowing that the risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms and limiting sex to one uninfected partner, knowing that a healthy looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about HIV prevention and transmission.

Knowledge of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV Percent of women and men age 15-49 who know that: 67% of women and 61% of men know that HIV can be transmitted by breastfeeding. Fewer know that the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced by taking drugs during pregnancy.

HIV knowledge HIV-related attitudes and behaviours HIV testing HIV and youth

Attitudes Toward People Living with HIV and AIDS Among women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS, percent expressing specific attitudes towards people living with HIV and AIDS These are indicators that relate to stigma towards people living with HIV and AIDS. Women and men are not yet accepting of people living with HIV and AIDS. 80% of women and 72% of men are willing to care for a family member with HIV and AIDS in their home. Only one-third or women and men would buy fresh vegetables from someone with HIV. Just 20% of women and men accept all 4 indicators.

Attitudes about Teaching Condom Use 40% of women and 46% of men agree that children age 12-14 years should be taught about using a condom to avoid AIDS

HIV knowledge HIV-related attitudes and behaviours HIV testing HIV and youth

64% of women and 63% of men know where to get an HIV test

Percent of women and men age 15-49 HIV Testing Percent of women and men age 15-49 18% of women and 21% of men have been tested at some time and received the results. In the 12 months before the survey, 5% of women and men have been tested and received the results.

HIV Testing by Education Percent of women and men age 15-49 who were ever tested for HIV and received results HIV testing increases with education among women and men

HIV Testing during Pregnancy Among women who gave birth in the 2 years before the survey, 23% were counseled and tested for HIV during antenatal care and received the results. Testing during pregnancy helps prevent mother-to-child transmission of the virus. Among women who gave birth in the past 2 years, 23% of women were counselled, tested, and received their results. Failure to counsel and test pregnant women represents a missed opportunity to prevent mother to child transmission.

HIV knowledge HIV-related attitudes and behaviours HIV testing HIV and youth

Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV among Youth by Residence Percent of women and men age 15-24 with comprehensive knowledge* of HIV Comprehensive knowledge is an indicator that measures how much young people know about transmission and prevention of HIV. Comprehensive knowledge includes knowing that condoms and monogamy prevent HIV transmission, that a healthy looking person can have HIV infection, and rejects the two most common local misconceptions about HIV transmission. Comprehensive knowledge among youth is relatively low. Urban women and men are more informed than their rural counterparts. *Comprehensive knowledge means knowing that the risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms and limiting sex to one uninfected partner, knowing that a healthy looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about HIV prevention and transmission.

Knowledge of a Condom Source among Youth by Residence Percent of women and men age 15-24 who know a condom source Young men are much more likely to know where to get condoms than young women—42% of men vs. 23% of women. Urban young people are more informed than rural youth.

Age at First Sexual Intercourse 1% of young women and <1% of young men age 15-24 had sexual intercourse before age 15. 14% of young women and 6% of young men age 18-24 had sexual intercourse before age 18. Young people who start having intercourse very young are at greater risk of exposure to HIV infection. Very few young people have sex before age 15. 14% of young women and 6% of young men had sex before age 18

HIV Testing among Youth Among women and men age 15-24 who had sexual intercourse in past 12 months, percent tested for HIV in past 12 months and received the results Among the young people age 15-24 who had sex in the year before the survey, 8% of women and 6% of men have been tested for HIV and received the results.

Key Findings 54% of women and 62% of men know that the risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms and limiting sex to one uninfected partner. 18% of women and 21% of men have ever been tested for HIV and received the results. 23% of young women and 42% of young men know a condom source. Only 14% of young women and 6% of young men had sex before age 18.