Safety Considerations in Agriculture Lab Agricultural Education Petal High School

Unit 2 Objectives 2.1 Define terms related to safety in agricultural structures 2.2 Identify the frequent causes of accidents in agricultural structures 2.3 List precautions that may be taken to prevent accidents in agricultural construction

Unit 2 Objectives 2.4 Identify safety colors associated with the shop 2.5 Explain how fires and fire extinguishers are classified 2.5.1 Illustrate the proper use of a fire extinguisher

Unit 2 Terms Safety – condition of being protected against events that are considered non-desirable. Physical Emotional Psychological Financial Social Occupational

Unit 2 Terms 1. Class A fire—a fire fueled by solids such as paper or wood 2. Class B fire—a fire fueled by flammable liquids such as gasoline or paint thinner 3. Class C fire—a fire fueled by electricity 4. Class D fire—a fire fueled by flammable metals such as magnesium

Unit 2 Terms 5. Fatigue—a condition that causes many accidents on farms due to working long hours 6. Fire triangle—represents the three essential components of a fire (if one side is removed, the fire will go out) 7. Safety colors—a system developed by OSHA that uses colors to indicate danger zones, safety equipment, etc.

Unit 2 Terms 8. Safety goggles—equipment used to protect the eyes from flying objects and particles 9. Safety zone—the area around a piece of machinery inside which a person is in some degree of danger (no one should be inside this zone except the operator)

Unit 2 Terms 10. Noise intensity – energy in the sound waves 11. Extinguish – to put out a fire by cooling, smothering, or removing fuel 12. Combustion – burning

General Shop Safety for the Agricultural Lab

Causes of Accidents in Lab Brainstorm 5 possible causes for accidents

Causes of Accidents in Lab Getting in a Hurry Horseplay Inexperience Inattentive / Distracted Fatigue / Sick

Human Safety Factors Knowledge Skill Physical Ability Positive Attitude Supervision

Prevention of Accidents/Injuries Using PPE Follow General Precautions Use Precautions for Hand tools Power tools Oxyacetylene Electricity Observe Safety Colors

(PPE) Personal Protective Equipment Safety Glasses/Goggles/Shields (ANSI Z87.1) Ear plugs, muffs Safety helmets/caps Gloves/Gauntlets Leather Jacket/Leggings

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

General Safety Practices for Lab Always wear safety glasses properly. When working with heated objects, always wear gloves or use proper tool. No running or horseplay. Learn to do a job the right way. Report all injuries to the instructor. Observe all warning signs or tags.

General Safety Practices Cont.. Turn off machines when not in use or during repair. Unless you have been taught to run a machine, don’t use it. Always use the proper tool for the job.

General Safety Practices Cont.. Avoid wearing loose or overly baggy clothing when working with machinery. Be aware of people around you at all times. Use correct shaded lens when welding or cutting. Know where fire escape routes and fire extinguishers are.

Hand Tool Safety

Hand Tool Safety Use the right SIZE and TYPE of tool for the job Follow the correct procedure for using every tool Keep cutting tools sharp and in good condition Don’t work with oily or greasy hand

Hand Tool Safety Handle sharp or pointed tools with care Always carry sharp or pointed tools with the point down Never carry tools in your pocket Don’t use tools that are loose or cracked Chisels or punches with mushroomed heads should be ground smooth Don’t use a file without a handle

Hand Tool Safety Don’t use screwdrivers as chisels or pry bars Don’t use a “cheater” with a wrench After using a tool, clean it and return it to its proper place If anything breaks or malfunctions, report it to your instructor at once Never place tools & materials where they hang on the edge of the table

Hand Tool Safety Don’t use tools for things they weren’t meant for Cut away from yourself and others when using sharp tools Don’t pry or hammer with file.

Power Tool Safety

Power Tool Safety Don’t operate a machine until: A) receiving proper instruction B) you fully understand how to use it C) you have permission Always wear eye protection Know and understand all the manufacturers’ safety rules

Power Tool Safety Use all guards exactly as they should be used Make all adjustments with the power off Power tools should be inspected and serviced at regular intervals by qualified repair people Be sure all power tools are grounded with a 3-wire conductor cord when required Before connecting to a power source, make sure the switch is “OFF”

Power Tool Safety Make sure everyone is clear BEFORE you turn on the power Start and stop the machine yourself-STAY WITH THE MACHINE UNTIL IT STOPS !!! Keep a safe distance between your hands and all moving parts Operate the machine by yourself - unless you need a helper

Power Tool Safety Never work on a machine or power tools when you are TIRED or HURRIED Don’t lean or lounge on machines or tables Give your machine your full attention. Don’t look away or talk to others Never startle, speak, or distract in any way, someone who is using a power tool or machine

Power Tool Safety Be sure your hands are dry Plan your work before you begin When two people work on a machine, THE PERSON WHO IS OPERATING THE MACHINE should give all the instructions Don’t leave a machine unattended while it is running!!!! Disconnect the electrical power before you oil or clean a machine

and finally…. Keep your work area clean & clear Notify your inst. if anything breaks or malfunctions Get first aid treatment for every injury

Oxy-acetylene Safety

Oxy-acetylene Safety When working with a lighted torch, always wear dark goggles to protect your eyes from sparks and intense light. Wear heat-resistant, nonflammable gloves. Keep area and clothes free from grease or oil. Do not oil or grease cylinder screws. Wear coveralls (avoid loose clothing, trousers with cuffs, and pockets).

Oxy-acetylene Safety Some metals require you to wear a respirator -galvanized iron, lead, zinc, beryllium, cadmium Report defective material or tools to instructor Welding and cutting should be done in well ventilated areas Use soap and water to check for gas leaks

Cylinder Care Store or place cylinders in safe places with secure chains around them. Keep sparks and flames away Always store tanks with safety caps. When “cracking the cylinder valve” do not stand in front of the cylinder valve. When in use, open oxygen cylinder all the way.

Cylinder Care When in use, open acetylene cylinder one quarter to one-half turns. Do not use cylinders without proper pressure regulators. Do not use undue force in trying to open or close a cylinder valve.

Oxy-acetylene Hose Care Oxygen hoses are green, acetylene hoses are red Oxygen hose fittings have right-hand threads Acetylene fittings have left-hand threads Never used damaged hoses. Do not allow hoses to come in contact with hot metal or where sparks could accumulate

Torch Care and Lighting Never use a match to light torch. Do not light your torch from another person’s flame Always use correct pressures Be careful when handling a lit torch. Know where other people are and where combustibles are.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety Do not operate electrical devices around water GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupters) should be used in damp areas Install devices according to code Use only UL (Underwriters Laboratory) approved materials Turn off Power when servicing equipment (Lockout/Tagout) Avoid using extension cords, especially long cords with small gauge wire.

Safety Colors

Safety Colors for Shop Why Use colors ? Alert people to dangers or hazards Help People to locate certain objects Promote cleanliness and order Help People react quickly to emergencies

Safety Colors for Shop Red Orange Yellow Green White Black

Safety Colors for Shop Safety Red: for the identification of DANGER and STOP or EMERGENCY Commonly used examples. 1)The background color of the signal word panel for DANGER safety signs, labels and tags (see ANSI Z535.2, ANSI Z535.4 and ANSI Z535.5).

Safety Colors for Shop 2) Flammable liquid containers such as safety cans. 3) Emergency stop bars on machines. 4) Stop buttons or electrical switches used for emergency stopping of machinery. 5) Fire protection equipment and apparatus.

Safety Colors for Shop Safety Orange Where an intermediate level of hazard (i.e. WARNING) is used, the color shall be Safety Orange. If a color is to be used to identify the hazardous parts of machines, Safety Orange shall be used.

Safety Colors for Shop Commonly used examples. 1) The background color of the signal word panel for WARNING safety signs, labels and tags (see ANSI Z535.2, ANSI Z535.4 and ANSI Z535.5). 2) Marking hazardous parts of machines which may cut, crush, or otherwise injure; and emphasizing such hazards when enclosure doors are open or when gear, belt, or other guards around moving equipment are open or removed, exposing unguarded hazards. 3) Marking the inside of movable guards or the inside of transmission guards for gears, pulleys, chains, etc. Marking exposed parts (edges only) of pulley, gears, rollers, cutting devices, power jaws, etc.

Safety Colors for Shop Safety Yellow Safety Yellow shall be the color for the identification of CAUTION. Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes, or yellow and black checkers shall be used for maximum contrast with the particular background.

Safety Colors for Shop Commonly used examples. 1) The background color of the signal word panel for CAUTION safety signs, labels and tags, see ANSI Z535.2, ANSI Z535.4 and ANSI Z535.5). 2) Marking physical hazards which might result in: striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping, or being caught in-between. 3) Storage cabinets for flammable materials. For containers of flammable or combustible materials. 4) Containers for corrosives, or unstable materials. Such containers shall be yellow or identified by a yellow band around their middle at least 1/4 their height. The contents of the container shall be identified thereon.

Safety Colors for Shop Safety Green Safety Green shall be the color for emergency egress, and the location of first aid and safety equipment.

Safety Colors for Shop Commonly used examples. 1) The background color of the signal word panel for general safety signs (see ANSI Z535.2). 2) Gas masks. 3) First aid kits. 4) First aid dispensary. 5) Stretchers. 6) Safety deluge showers. 7) Safety bulletin boards. 8) Emergency egress routes.

Safety Colors for Shop Safety Blue for identification of safety information used on signs and bulletin boards.

Safety Colors for Shop Safety Black, Safety White, Safety Yellow, or combinations of Safety Black with Safety White or Safety Yellow shall be the colors for the designation of traffic or housekeeping markings.

Safety Colors

Fire Safety

Fire Triangle Heat Oxygen Fuel Remove any of the three components, and Extinguish the fire! Oxygen Fuel

Fire Tetrahedron

Fire Classification Class A: Paper, Wood, Clothing Class B: Flammable Liquids Class C: Electricity Class D: Flammable Metals

Fire Classification

Using a Fire Extinguisher Mock Demonstration Pull pin Aim Squeeze trigger Spray in fanning motion starting at base of fire

Basic First Aid

First Aid All accidents should be reported to the instructor IMMEDIATELY! For Cuts: Pinch together Apply direct pressure to stop bleeding Leave imbedded objects for Medical Staff

First Aid All accidents should be reported to the instructor IMMEDIATELY! For Burns: Run clean cool water over area. Apply burn cream.