The Beginnings of Industrialization Unit 6, SSWH 15 a

How did industrialization lead to imperialism?

SSWH 15 a Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in England, Germany, and Japan, movements for political reform, the writings of Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and urbanization and its affect on women.

Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain • Industrial Revolution—greatly increases output of machine - made goods (factories) • Revolution begins in England in of the middle 1700s

1st Industry: Textiles • Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing

Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way Enclosures—large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges Jethro Tull—Seed Drill Charles “Turnip” Townsend—Crop rotation—switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil

Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England Industrialization—move to machine production of goods • Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors • Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital

Better Transportation James Watt’s Steam Engine: Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine • Robert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807 (England’s water transport improved by system of canals)

The Railway Age Begins • In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line…and builds the Rocket

5 W’s On a sheet of paper answer the following Who? What? When? Where? Why?

Industrialization Spreads Unit 6, SSWH 15 a

Industrialization in the United States • U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize • Samuel Slater, English textile worker, builds textile mill in U.S. • Lowell, Massachusetts a mechanized textile center by 1820 3 factors of Production: Land, Labor, Capital

Manufacturing towns spring up around factories across the country • Young single women flock to factory towns, work in textile mills • Clothing, shoemaking industries soon mechanize

Later Expansion of U.S. Industry Industrialization picks up during post-Civil War technology boom • Cities like Chicago expand rapidly due to location on railroad lines • Small companies merge to form larger, powerful companies

Rise of Corporations Stock—limited ownership rights for company, sold to raise money • Corporation—company owned by stockholders, share profits not debts • Large corporations attempt to control as business

Europe and Others Industrializes Belgium has iron ore, coal, & water transportation • British workers smuggle in machine plans to Belgium, start companies (1799) Germany built railroads to link cities with manufactures & resources, became economic & military power Japan started seizing colonies for resources & military power (industrialization revolutionized society)

Bohemia develops spinning; Northern Italy mechanizes silk textiles • Industrialization in France is measured; agriculture is strong

3-2-1 3-Name the 3 resources needed for Industrialization to spread. 2-Name the 2 authors and their concepts surrounding the spread of industrialization. 1-Name the 1 major result of industrialization spreading.

Impact of Industrialization Unit 6, SSWH 15 a

Industrialization Changes Life Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities

Living Conditions Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums • Life span in one large city is only 17 years • Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes • Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes, building codes • Cities also without adequate housing, education, police protection

Working Conditions • Factories didn’t have safety standards: dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers Govt didn’t provide aid to assist injured workers Women and children hired first (cheaper & complained less) Wage inequality

Middle Class Middle class—skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals • Emerging middle class looked down on by landowners, aristocrats • Middle class has comfortable standard of living, lives in the suburbs

Working Class • Laborers’ lives not improved; some laborers replaced by machines • Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed workers riot

Immediate Benefits • Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress • Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve • Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions

Long-Term Effects Improved living and working conditions still evident today • Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements

Children in Manchester Factories Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured • 1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours • Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river • Nonetheless, Manchester produces consumer goods and creates wealth

P-M-K Think about the Industrial Revolution. Plus—name 1 benefit Minus—name 1 negative result Knowledge—name something that interested you Jot it Down—1 minute Prepare to Share

Political Reform of Industrialization Unit 6, SSWH 15 a

Reforms Unions created to fight for better working conditions: shorter hours, safety, child labor laws Improved sanitary living conditions: police/fire organizations, sewer systems, building codes Equality amongst the people: abolish slavery, women’s rights

Adam Smith – Wealth of Nations Laissez-faire: economic policy of letting owners of industry & business set conditions without interference by the govt Capitalism: economic system in which factors of production are privately owned & money is invested to make profit Opposed govt. efforts to help poor workers

Karl Marx – The Communist Manifesto Communism: all factors of production owned by the people, no private ownership. Society divided into the “Haves” (Bourgeoisie – Middle/Upper Class) & “Have Nots” (Proletariat – workers) Believed the proletariat should over throw the owners, seize the factories & produce what society needs Workers share in the profits = economic equality for all Created a classless society (workers control everything)

Urbanization: people moving to cities Middle class grew: some were wealthier than nobles, nobles looked down on them

Absent Classmate Your friend is absent from class today. Summarize today’s lesson for them into 1 main idea with 3 supporting details Jot down your answer Prepare to Share