ECSS 2016, Vienna, Austria – July 6th 2016 Louis Moustakas and Till Müller-Schoell German Sport University Cologne, Germany   Mega Sporting Events and Children Rights: The Variety of Media Coverage in 2014 in 22 countries 1 1 1 1 1

Outline Overview How the project started What we did What we found out Trends in coverage Drivers of coverage Conclusions

What drives that coverage in individual countries? Overview Two Questions How much does media cover children, and human, rights issues in relation to Mega Sporting Events (MSEs)? What drives that coverage in individual countries?

Overview Looking at 22 countries — for a total of 44 media sources — and 3 MSEs in 2014, we find that MSE participation, levels of freedom of the press and income levels are drivers of media coverage

How the project started Mega Sporting Events (MSEs) can have an impact on children and their families or caregivers As many as 1.5 million people, including children and their families, were displaced for the Beijing Olympic Games. At least 14 cases of children involved in construction projects related to the Delhi Commonwealth Games. More recently, 11 workers died on construction sites for the 2016 Rio Olympics.

How the project started We are all involved in sport, most of us are probably aware of these issues. But what about the rest of the world, and especially the media? In the context of Terre des Hommes’ Children Win project, we tried to answer this question and quantified media coverage (relating to MSEs and children rights) for 2014 in 12 countries. High awareness Nascent awareness Minimal awareness

What we did We wanted to find out what drives this coverage. So, We added 10 countries and compared results against various indicators for sport participation, human development and freedom: MSE Participation Athletes sent to MSEs in 2014 MSEs hosted GNI (at PPP) per capita Press Freedom World Giving Index Others (HDI, Democracy index, etc.)

22 countries 44 media sources

What we found out | Trends in coverage RANK COUNTRY RESULTS W/ CHILD 1 United Kingdom 842 274 2 Brazil 616 115 3 United States of America 418 123 4 Netherlands 295 38 5 Canada 286 81 6 Australia 202 43 7 Germany 185 8 Korea 138 9 Spain 134 13 10 Austria 114 14 11 France 103 19 12 Switzerland 84 South Africa 71 18 Mexico 53 15 Italy 50 16 Kenya 49 17 Nigeria 42 China 37 New Zealand 26 20 India 24 21 Russia 22 Algeria - TOTAL 3792 348

What we found out | Trends in coverage Sochi Winter Olympics Brazil World Cup Glasgow Commonwealth Games

What we found out | Drivers in coverage Income levels based on GNI (at PPP) per capita Low-Mid Upper-Mid High

What we found out | Drivers in coverage Press Freedom levels Very serious Difficult Problems Satisfactory Good

What we found out | Drivers in coverage In models using either income levels or press freedom levels, only the amount of athletes sent to MSEs remains significant

What we found out | Drivers in coverage Minimum level of development achieved? Yes High national interest (athlete participation) Potential for higher coverage No Limited coverage

Conclusions Discrepancies in income or press freedom do not matter once a country reaches a certain level. Reaching a certain level of income or press freedom allows for higher coverage. Coverage can then be driven by national interest, which is reflected here in event participation.