Development and Industry

Gap Minder Chart Task: As you analyze the chart, define various trends you see taking place in the data. What might account for the differences and similarities?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo

Origins of Industrial Revolution Prior to the Industrial Revolution, we had the cottage industry Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution. Northwest England, mid-late 1700s Textile industry New technology (mechanical looms) More wealth = new inventions New use for old energy Water (factories built in rural areas new rivers & streams) Coal (replaced wood as the dominant energy source) Steam Engine James Watt in 1769 (with help of toymaker & metal worker Matthew Boulton) Impacted many industries, including: iron, coal, transportation, textiles, etc. Link to DTM One of the causes of MDCs shift to stage 2 Contributing factor to population growth New technologies, more wealth, improved agricultural yield

Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution spread to Europe & North America by the 19th century Moving those countries into stage 2 of the DTM Major Industrial Regions Europe (East & West), North America & East Asia Each accounting for 25% of total industrial output But not every part of the country is as productive

Human Development Index (HDI) Measure of development conducted by the UN in 1990 Measures development in terms of human welfare rather than money 3 dimensions (four indicators) Living Standards GNI per capita (NOT GDP) Health Life expectancy at birth Education (average of two indices) Mean years of schooling (at 25) Expected years of schooling (at start of schooling)

Interactive HDI Map Interactive HDI Map: http://worldmap.canadiangeographic.ca/

HDI by Region MDCs LDCs Latin America: 0.82 East Asia: 0.77 SW Asia & N. Africa: 0.74 SE Asia: 0.73 Central Asia: 0.70 South Asia: 0.61 Sub-Saharan African: 0.51 Japan: 0.96 North America: 0.95 Europe: 0.93 Oceania: 0.90 Russia: 0.73

#1 A Decent Standard of Living

Economic Indicators Gross National Income (GNI) The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country. U.S. GNI 16.99 trillion (2013) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Monetary measurement of development that takes into account what money buys in different countries U.S. GDP (PPP) = $15.66 trillion China GDP (PPP) = $12.38 trillion Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Total value of goods & services within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year Per capita = Latin “by head;” average per person U.S GDP = $16.77 trillion; per capita = $48,112 China GDP= $9.4 trillion; per capita = $5,445

Source: World Bank

Economic Structure Primary Sector (decreased in developed countries, high in developing) Extraction Secondary Sector (decreased sharply for developed countries, high in developing) Why a sharp decrease in places like the United States? Processing & manufacturing Tertiary Sector Services, sales & exchanging goods Quaternary Sector Exchange of information Quinary Sector High level decision-making & research Tertiary Sector Large in developed countries Low in developing countries

Productivity: The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. -Developed countries produce more with less. More productivity generates more wealth.

Consumer Goods: Easier diffusion of goods and interaction with customers.

#2 A Long and Healthy Life Life expectancy at birth

L.E. 54.69 Years L.E. 81.45 Years I.M. 98.39/1000 births I.M. 2/1000 births % GDP spent on Healthcare: N/A % GDP spent on Healthcare: 8.5

Other Development Indicators: Physicians per 10,000

Other Development Indicators: Hospital Beds per 10,000

#3Access to Knowledge Average years of education Expected years of education

Other Development Indicators: Pupil-Teacher Ratios

Other Development Indicators: Literacy Rates

Where you live within a country can affect your standard of living Where you live within a country can affect your standard of living. Which states are the most/least healthy?

Variations in Levels of Development Within a region Korean Peninsula: North vs. South Korea Europe: West vs. East Africa: Extreme North & South vs. Interior (Sub-Saharan) Within a country Brazil Coastal, urban areas more developed than interior Mexico Northern areas more developed then southern China

Gender Inequality Index(GII) Measure to gauge how involved women are in improving their status Economic power Female income as % of male income % of professional & technical jobs held by women Reproductive power Maternal mortality ratio Adolescent fertility rate ages 15-19. 20/1000 developed countries and 60/1000 in developing countries Political power % of administrative jobs held by women % of national parliament that are women

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e8xgF0JtVg