Notes Science Tennessee SPI Objective: Essential Questions SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures) Science Tennessee SPI Objective: Select tools and procedures needed to conduct a moderately complex experiment. Essential Questions 1) Which tools and procedures would be best to use when conducting a science experiment?  2) How do I correctly use common scientific tools such as spring scales, triple-beam balances, metric rulers, calculators, graduated cylinders, stop watches, etc. Check for Understanding Identify tools and techniques needed to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data from a moderately complex scientific investigation.

Notes SPI 0807.Inq.2 Tools and Procedures Science Tools and Procedures in Science Procedures in science are called the scientific method Scientific Method Step 1: Make Observations Step 2: Ask A Question Step 3: Form A Hypothesis Step 4: Test The Hypothesis By doing experiments Step 5: Analyze The Results Step 6: Draw Conclusions Step 7: Communicate results A key task is to test your hypothesis by doing detailed and thorough experiments (step 4 shown above)

Take Notes: just copy down the green text Procedures in Experiments In a science experiment you… …measure quantities and/or qualities …should only use the metric system …should record in detail everything you do and observe. …should conduct multiple trials. …should include an independent variable, dependent variables, constants, and controls The Metric System -Also know as the International System of Units -Abbreviation is SI (from French Systeme International) -Adopted by nearly every nation except the United States -Used by ALL scientists everywhere

Concepts in Experiments In an experiment… …you should only test for ONE key thing at a time This is called the… Independent Variable …after you introduce the independent variable, you observe what happens. This response/result is called the… Dependent Variable Items or events that are repeated exactly the same way each time you duplicate an experiment are called… Constants NOTE: You should also conduct at least one control trial where you eliminate the independent variable or use a neutral substitute.

Scientific Procedures In an experiment you will follow steps in a logical order. Example: Here is a list of steps in the wrong order. 1) Find the mass of the sugar crystals on the wax paper. 2) Boil the sugar water solution in the beaker. 3) Scrape the sugar crystals out onto the wax paper. 4) Find the mass of a piece of wax paper 5) Subtract the mass of the wax paper from the total mass. 6) Watch the water evaporate, and then collect the sugar crystals.

Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you measure things with the metric system using tools such as: …a spring scale -measures force (weight) -unit of measure: newtons (N)

Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you measure things with the metric system using tools such as: …a graduated cylinder -measures liquid volume and/or -the volume of irregular shaped objects (water displacement method) -unit of measure: milliliter (mL), liter (L) Link (1 min 57 sec): How to Read a Graduated Cylinder Link (3 min 45 sec): Finding the Volume of an Irregular Shaped Object

Scientific Tools When determining the volume of an object… …you can use a metric ruler for regular-shaped solid items. Use this formula: Length x Width x Height -useful for cubes and/or rectangular prisms Link (1 min 7 sec): Calculating Volume of Regular Shapes

In an experiment…you measure things using tools such as: …a triple-beam balance -measures mass -unit of measure: milligrams (mg) , grams (g) , kilograms (kg) Link (2 min 25 sec): How to use a Triple-Beam Balance-Video

Scientific Tools In an experiment…you measure things using tools such as: …a metric ruler or meter stick -measures length -unit of measure: millimeters (mm) , centimeters (cm), meters (m), kilometers (km)

Scientific Tools In an experiment…you measure things using tools such as: …a thermometer -measures temperature -unit of measure: degrees-Celsius (C) or Kelvins (K)

Scientific Tools In an experiment…you might need to examine tiny things… …you would use a microscope -two types: (1) regular microscope, (2) electron microscopes

Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you might need to measure the strength of an acid or base -use a pH indicator -unit of measure: pH scale from 0 to 14

Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you might use a galvanometer to measure electrical current -measures both the strength and direction of electrical current Note: To just measure the current you could use an ammeter

Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you also might use… -beakers -test tubes -flasks Beaker Test tubes Flask

Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you also might use… -hot plates -petri dishes -burners hot plate Bunsen burner Petri dish

Always read the measure Liquids in containers form a curved line called a meniscus. Place the cylinder on a flat surface. View the meniscus at eye level. SPI 0807.Inq.2 Tools and Procedures Questions Science Meniscus Always read the measure at the bottom/center of the meniscus.

SPI 0807.Inq.2 Tools and Procedures Questions Science

SPI 0807.Inq.2 Tools and Procedures Questions Science

SPI 0807.Inq.2 Tools and Procedures Questions Science

SPI 0807.Inq.2 Tools and Procedures Questions Science