Earth’s Biological History 8th Grade PASS Review Earth’s Biological History

Earth's Biological History The model below compares the beak of a variety of birds. Which of the following birds would most likely eat small organisms from deep in Earth’s soil? Eagle Pelican Curlew Sparrow C- have students use logical reasoning and evidence from the model to support their answer. Students can also discuss how the other birds might get their food. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The image below shows the foot of an unknown animal. Which inference can be made based on the image below? Unknown Animal Foot The animal can survive on land and in water. The animal can survive in the forest only. The animal can only live in the water. The animal is most likely extinct. A- have students give evidence from the picture to support their answer. The foot is webbed for aquatic environment, but also has claws for terrestrial environment. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The model below illustrates the beaks of different bird species. Which of the following summarizes this model? The shape of a bird’s beak determines how it obtains food. All birds have different shaped beaks. Birds’ beaks are larger than their heads. Birds’ eyes are closer together than humans. A- have students eliminate the other answer choices using evidence and logical reasoning. B- this is not the main point of this model. It only shows limited bird species. C- not always true D- model is about beaks not eyes. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The image below shows the footprint fossil of an animal that lived millions of years ago. What type of fossil is represented in the image? Mold Trace Petrified Carbonized B- Students should identify the key words in the question stem that support their answer (footprint). Have students describe what type of image might represent the other fossil types. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The image below shows a petrified wood fossil. Which statement below explain how this fossil was formed? Sediments buried the wood and then the wood decayed. Minerals soaked into the wood and changed them into rock. The wood was pressed between layers of soft mud then the wood decayed and left a carbon imprint. The entire piece of wood was trapped in tar and was prevented from decaying. B- have students identify what type of fossil is described by the other answer choices. Students should also identify the key terms that support the correct answer. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Trilobites were a signature organism during the Paleozoic Era. The chart below illustrates the adaptations that occurred to the trilobite species over millions of years. This model best supports which of the following? Relative age Superposition Natural selection Mass extinctions C- have students use logical reasoning to eliminate other answer choices. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Sixty-five million years ago the dinosaurs died out along with more than 50% of other life forms on the planet. Scientists believe that this mass extinction was most likely caused by which of the following? Asteroid or comet impact Dinosaurs overgrazing A volcanic eruption A heat wave A- have students describe how an asteroid/comet impact would have impacted Earth. Massive amounts of dust and smoke entered the atmosphere causing immediate destruction for many plants and animals and great changes in climate that lead to increased extinctions. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The tropical climates and warm shallow waters of the Paleozoic Era lead to which of the following? Hundreds of years of freezing temperatures, known as the Ice Age. Explosive volcanic activity that blocked the Sun for long periods. Increased life on land, and decreased life in the water. Mass extinction of many land animals. C- students should summarize life during the Paleozoic Era. They should also identify which era is most associated with the other answer choices. A- Cenozoic B- Precambrian D-Mesozoic 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Which of the following models best illustrates the relationship among units of the Geologic Time Scale? epoch period era era period epoch A C year period century epoch period era D- Have students use evidence and logical reasoning to eliminate the other answer choices. B D 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Which statement below explains why the Cenozoic Era is the only geologic time scale era broken into epochs? Scientists have not studied the other eras enough. The Cenozoic Era was more active than any other era. Too many life forms existed in the other eras to record. Fossil records for other eras do not provide enough detail. D- have students use logical reasoning to eliminate other answer choices. 8th Grade PASS Review

Which model below best represents current day geologic time? Earth's Biological History Which model below best represents current day geologic time? A B C D Paleozoic Quaternary Mesozoic Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene Mesozoic Eocene Holocene Cenozoic Jurassic Holocene B 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The model below illustrates the diversity of life that has existed on Earth since its creation. Which of the following would be the best title for this model? Fossil record Natural selection Geologic time scale Earth’s structural history C- Have students identify key terms in the question stem and key terms on the model (era, period, epoch). They should use logic and reasoning to eliminate other answer choices. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The model below summarizes features of three eras of the geologic time scale. Which era is represented by Era 2 in the model? Era 1 Flowering plants common Diversity of life increases New mammals Era 2 Trilobite Mass extinction Early land plants Era 3 Reptiles dominant Small mammals and birds appear First flowering plants A- have students identify the names of the other eras using evidence from the model. Discussion of the mass extinctions that occurred in both Era 2 and Era 3 should include students recognizing that dinosaurs would have existed in era 3 when reptiles dominated the Earth. Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Precambrian 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The model below summarizes features of three eras of the geologic time scale. Which of the following features could be added to Era 1? Era 1 Flowering plants common Diversity of life increases New mammals Era 2 Trilobite Mass extinction Early land plants Era 3 Reptiles dominant Small mammals and birds appear First flowering plants B- Have students match the other answer choices with Eras 1, 2, and 3. A- era 2, C- era 3, D-era 2. Brachiopods Humans Dinosaurs First amphibians 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Based on the model below, what is the relative age of the rock layer labeled C? C- have students use evidence from the model to eliminate other answer choices and support the correct answer. The same age as K. Older than E, but younger than M. Younger than L, but older than N. The youngest rock in the model. 8th Grade PASS Review

What does label G represent in the model below? Earth's Biological History What does label G represent in the model below? A fault Magma Sedimentary rock The oldest rock layer A 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Based on the model below, which of the following conclusions can be made? Select 2 correct answers. B&D. Have students revise other answer choices to make them correct. Layer 6 fossils are older than layer 1 fossils. Layer 5 fossils are younger than layer 3 fossils. Layer 2 fossils are younger than layer 5 fossils. Layer 1 fossils are the oldest fossils. Layer 5 fossils are older than layer 3 fossils. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Label H is formed from magma that cools and hardens into a rock. Label H most likely represents which of the following? Metamorphic Sedimentary Extrusive igneous Intrusive igneous D- have students use key terms from the question stem to support their answer choice. Intrusive igneous is magma that cools and forms a rock inside earth. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The model below illustrates the common fossils found in the rock layers of two areas separated by many miles. This model best supports which of the following? Index fossils Natural selection Law of superposition Geologic time scale A- Students can describe what models of the other answer choices might include. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History Index fossils are distinctive fossils that existed for only short time periods. They are used to Alphabetize the names of new fossils that are found Indicate the age of certain layers of sedimentary rocks Determine the social structure of the larger dinosaurs of the Jurassic Period Identify the types of organisms that existed in the Precambrian period. B- have students use logical reasoning to eliminate other answer choices. 8th Grade PASS Review

Earth's Biological History The model below illustrates how multiple events and processes can lead to ? Asteroid/comet impact Global warming and cooling Overharvesting Pollution Over developing land Massive volcanic eruptions A- have students identify each cause as natural or man-made. Species extinctions Global warming Droughts Ice Age 8th Grade PASS Review