Chinese history 4

Mao & Communism

transition Lots of investment  improve trade and economy New food sources  increase population Westerners: Cons: Dependence and exploitation Country becomes underdeveloped Local industry decreases Profits don’t go to Chinese Pros: Modern transportation and communications Export market Bring China into world economy

Chinese communist party (ccp) 1921: founded in Shanghai 1923: CCP & NP form alliance despite differences to unify country and drive out imperialism Took control of most of S. China 1927: NP leader dies and new leader kills thousands of CCPs in “Shanghai Massacre” Alliance destroyed CCP into hiding

Mao zedong 1893 – 1976 (Mao Tse-tung) Slightly well off peasant family Little to no education Worked in the fields

Mao zedong Joined the Revolutionary Army Became a teacher Heard about Russian Revolution Adopted Leninist ideas Established Communist Party

Mao zedong Revolution will be driven by peasants Used guerilla tactics “When the enemy advances, we retreat.” “When the enemy halts and camps, we trouble them.” When the enemy tries to avoid battle, we attack.” When the enemy retreats, we pursue.”

The Long march People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Surrounded by NP but breaks through and escapes Travelled 6,000 miles (~24 miles a day) to last CCP base in NW China Fighting NP and starving 1 year 90,000  9,000 Treated peasants with respect

NP attempts to stay in power Believed China needed new system but people need to be educated about govt first 80% of population illiterate peasants “New Life Movement” Promoted Confucian ideals and rejected Western pg606

2 governments 1937: Japan invades China and army needs help, makes peace with CCP 1945: NP supported by US vs. CCP & Mao Civil War 1949: CCP & PLA win Mao establishes People's Republic of China (PRC) NP flees to Taiwan

‘mao suit’

Mao’s china Socialist programs Land taken from wealthy and given to peasants Farmland collectivized Industry and commerce nationalized Pros: Increased status of women Doubled school population and improved literacy Increased access to health care and thus life expectancy 1957: pop = 657 million

Mao’s china 1958: “The Great Leap Forward” 700,000 farms converted to 26,000 communes (~700 million people) Communes: 30,000 people lived and worked together Communal childcare, meals, etc. “Hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand.” 3 major programs that killed millions*

Mao’s china “Red Flag Canal” 9 years; 44 miles

Mao’s china “Backyard Furnaces” – small furnaces to produce steel so China would become world’s largest steel producer People melted anything down Steel was very poor quality

Great Sparrow Campaign 1957 Mao’s china “Four Pests Campaign” – get rid of rats, flies, mosquitoes, sparrows Great Sparrow Campaign 1957

China Under Mao – The Great Leap Forward Mao’s china 3 programs + bad floods = decrease in food ~15-20 mill starve --- some estimates put the total death toll at 40 million (largest manmade famine in history) – hidden from world Also died from exertion, disease, punishment 1960: program dissolves China Under Mao – The Great Leap Forward

Mao’s china Mao wants classless society 1966: “Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” Little Red Book: Mao’s thoughts, in every building

Mao’s china Red Guards: revolutionary group of young people Set to destroy ‘Four Olds’ Old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits Destroyed temples and foreign books/music Changed ‘red’ to ‘go’ in traffic lights Attacked dissidents and artists

Cultural revolution Mao feared ‘family loyalty’ would disrupt ‘state loyalty’ – children reported on parents ‘Bourgeoisie’ values targeted Teachers and political leaders targeted Students attacked people and fought for Mao Suicides

China Under Mao – The Cultural Revolution Chaos Factories, schools, hospitals close Army called in Red Guard sent to countryside to learn farming & ‘cool off’ China Under Mao – The Cultural Revolution

change 1972: meets with Nixon Nixon wants: Solve Taiwan problem…US continues working with both PRC and RofC until only PRC in 1979 Discuss Vietnam…PRC eventually helps North Vietnam China to ally against Russia & arms race…didn’t have great impact 1976: Mao dies, reformers seize power

Mao’s Crystal Coffin

Start at 8:12

sources http://www.biography.com/people/confucius- 9254926/videos/confucius-mini-biography-24134723904 http://www.biography.com/people/confucius-9254926#death- and-legacy- http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/confucianism http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/05/chinas-grand- canal/johnson-text http://www.britannica.com/event/Taiping-Rebellion http://www.britannica.com/event/Sino-Japanese-War-1894-1895 http://www.biography.com/people/mao-tse-tung-9398142

sources http://www.britannica.com/topic/Manchu http://www.britannica.com/topic/Qing-dynasty http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1000ce_mingvoyages.ht m http://www.biography.com/people/marco-polo-9443861 http://www.nbbmuseum.be/en/2009/08/teabrick.htm http://www.biography.com/people/mao-tse-tung-9398142#death-of- sun-yat-sen-and-the-long-march http://www.britannica.com/event/Tiananmen-Square-incident http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tankman/cron/

sources http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3371659.stm http://www.britannica.com/topic/Hongqi-Canal http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world- history-1918-to-1980/china-1900-to-1976/the-great- leap-forward/