Joints and Joint Movement

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Presentation transcript:

Joints and Joint Movement Human A&P

Joints With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve two functions Hold the bones securely together Give the rigid skeleton flexibility

Joint Classification Functional: depends on the amount of movement allowed by the joint Structural: depends on whether fibrous tissue, cartilage, or a joint cavity separates the bony regions at the joint

Three Types of Joints Synarthrosis Joints – held together by collagenous fibers. The bones closely contact each other. Ex. Skull sutures, distal end of fibula and tibia Amphiarthosis Joints – hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect the bones. Ex. Vertebrae, pubis bone Diarthrosis (Synovial Joint) – Most common joint and most complex

Synovial Joint

Types of Synovial Joints

Ball and Socket Joint Hip and shoulder are examples Egg shaped head with a cup shaped cavity

Condyloid Joint Metacarpals and phalanges

Gliding Joint Joints of the wrist and ankle Back and forth movement

Hinge Joint Elbow Concave and convex surfaces fit together

Pivot Joint Rotation around a central axis Radius and ulna, neck turning

Saddle Joint Carpal and metacarpal of the thumb

Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints Bursitis: inflammation of bursa (synovial membrane); water on the knee

Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints Sprain Ligaments or tendons reinforcing joint are damaged by excessive stretching or are torn away from bone Slow to heal because of poor blood supply Dislocation When a bone is forced out of normal position in the joint cavity

Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints Arthritis Most widespread, crippling disease in the U.S. 1 in 7 Americans suffer with it Initial symptoms: Pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joint Acute and Chronic Forms of Arthritis

Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints Acute Arthritis Result from bacterial invasion Treated with antibiotic Synovial membrane thickens and fluid production decreases, leading to increased friction and pain

Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints Chronic Arthritis Osteoarthritis Most common form Degenerative condition usu. affects the aged Wear and tear affects Can cause bone spurs which restrict joint movement Rheumatoid arthritis Occurs between 40-50 years old, but can occur at any age Affects more women than men Many joints affected at the same time and usu. in symmetrical manner (left elbow than right elbow) Marked by remission (goes away) and flare ups (comes back) Autoimmune disease – body attacks its own tissues Gouty arthritis

Inflammatory Disorders of the Joints