UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT LESSON 7.5: THE CIVIL WAR part 2 “The Opposing Sides”

Review List as many long term causes of the Civil War that you can (issues that increased sectional tension from 1820-1860).

The opposing sides

Focus HOW DID PROBLEMS IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HELP ABRAHAM LINCOLN WIN THE ELECTION OF 1860? WHAT WERE SOME CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR? WHERE AND UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES DID THE CIVIL WAR BEGIN? HOW DID LINCOLN PREVENT MARYLAND FROM SECEDING? WHY WAS LINCOLN CONCERNED ABOUT MARYLAND? Who do you think has the advantage in winning the Civil War? Explain your answer.

War of Attrition

SETTING THE STAGE AT THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR, THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH EACH HAD DISTINCT ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. BOTH SIDES EXPECTED TO WIN QUICKLY. INSTEAD THE CIVIL WAR BECAME A LONG, BLOODY, AND A BITTER STRUGGLE IN WHICH NEITHER SIDE WON AN EASY TRIUMPH.

Border States Four states that allowed slavery but remained in the Union Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware Missouri, Kent., and Mary. Supported the South and almost seceded

Importance of Border States Missouri could control parts of the Mississippi and major routes to the west Kentucky controlled the Ohio River Delaware was close to Philadelphia Maryland most important because it was close to Richmond, railroads ran through it, and D.C. lay within it’s state borders

Lincoln Moves Cautiously Did not want to upset people of border states If he ended slavery, they would leave If he sent troops to Kentucky, they would leave He suspended some constitutional rights and arrested people who supported secession Border states stayed, but many of their citizens joined Confederate Army

AP Once sentence

New State in the Union Although they seceded, supporters of the Union remained in Tennessee and Virginia Appalachian region tended to oppose secession 48 counties in western part of Virginia seceded from the state in 1861 and organized a new state of West Virginia admitted in 1863

AP How did West Virginia become a state?

North Advantages Disadvantages Larger population More industry More resources Better banking system helped raise money for the war More ships, as most of the Navy remained loyal Larger, more efficient railroad network 90 percent of telegraph lines Have to bring Southern states back to the Union Would have to invade the South, large area filled with hostile people Southern people’s tremendous support for the war (recalling the American Revolution

South Advantages Disadvantages Strong support of the white population Familiar with territory Defending their homes, land, and ways of life Military leadership was superior to the North’s Strong tradition of military training and service Jefferson Davis, West Point graduate and experienced soldier Smaller population of free men for army Very few factories to make weapons and supplies Produced less than half the food of the North Half the amount of railroads and fewer trains making delivering supplies difficult Belief of states’ rights gave central government very little power

AP

North’s Goals Bring South back to the Union Ending slavery was not a main goal at first 3 strategies to win war: - blockade Southern ports to prevent trade of supplies and cotton - gain control of Mississippi River to split Confederacy - capture Richmond, VA, the capital of the South

South’s Goals Become recognized as an independent nation Preserve their way of life, including slavery Initial strategies: - defend homeland, holding onto as much territory until North tired of fighting - Britain and France would pressure North to end war to restore cotton trade and supply - Some leaders attacked the north, took the offensive, hoping to persuade North it could not win war

AP 4 One sentence

AP Note to buddy

American vs. American Families were often divided Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, had relatives fight for South John Crittenden had 2 sons become generals, one for each side Many of generals knew each other from West Point

Who were the soldiers? Average age was 25 40% were 21 or younger Came from all regions and walks of life More than half of all had owned or worked on a farm At first, North didn’t allow blacks

The two sides prepare By 1861, Confederacy had about 112,000 soldiers who were referred to as Rebels The Union had about 187,000 soldiers, or Yankees By the end of the war, about 850,000 men fought for the South and 2.1 million men for the North Just under 200,000 black soldiers

AP 6 Once sentence

THE FIRST MODERN WAR THE CIVIL WAR WAS THE FIRST MODERN WAR CIVIL WAR INVOLVED HUGE ARMIES OF CITIZEN VOLUNTEERS = LARGE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT

MILITARY TECHNOLOGY BY 1850’S, THE ARMIES BEGAN USING NEW CONE SHAPED BULLETTS FOR RIFLES (Mini Ball) = VERY ACCURATE FROM LONG DIST. TROOPS BEGAN TO DEFEND THEIR POSITIONS (TRENCHES, BARRICADES) = HUGE CASUALTIES FOR ATTACKERS EXPLODING CANISTERS /ARTILLARY ATTRITION PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS THE WAR DRAGGED ON NORTH AT ADVANTAGE DUE TO LARGER POPULATION

AP 7 How can the Civil War be considered the first modern war? How did this add to the attrition?

activity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY9zHNOj Grs 1 2 3 Who, What, When, Where, Why and How

Learning Log In your journal, summarize what you have learned today. What are the advantages of both the North and South in fighting the Civil War? What are the disadvantages of the North and South in fighting the Civil War? Summarize the strategies for victory for both the North and South. What impact did technology and improvement in weaponry have on the Civil War?