11.1 – The Civil War Begins.

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Presentation transcript:

11.1 – The Civil War Begins

South Carolina’s Declaration of Causes of Secession 12/1860 South Carolina’s fire-eaters (pro-slavery extremists) passed an ordinance of secession, citing the following causes behind this decision: Abolitionist propaganda The Underground Railroad Personal Liberty Laws The Republican Party

The Baltimore Plot There was an alleged conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln en-route to Washington D.C. (PA-MD) “Flight of Abraham” Harper’s Weekly

Order of Secession Deep South: South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas

Order of Secession The Upper South: Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee

Buchanan's Inaction Lame-duck President James Buchanan claimed that secession was unconstitutional, but he did nothing to prevent it.

The Confederate Constitution Preamble “We, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity — invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God — do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America.”

The Confederate Constitution Section 9 - Limits on Congress, Bill of Rights “The importation of negroes of the African race from any foreign country other than the slaveholding States or Territories of the United States of America, is hereby forbidden; and Congress is required to pass such laws as shall effectually prevent the same.”

The Politics of the Border States Lincoln had to keep the Border States in the Union by making gestures toward accepting slavery. Lincoln’s First Inaugural: “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” Border States / Slave Population Maryland (8%) Delaware (1.6%) Missouri (11%) Kentucky (24%) West Virginia*

Lincoln’s Cabinet: Team of Rivals Attorney General: Edward Bates Secretary of State: William Henry Seward Secretary of War: Edwin Stanton Secretary of Treasury: Salmon Chase

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter Federal fort Located in Charleston Harbor (SC) South Carolina demands Union Major Robert Anderson surrender the fort Lincoln’s Options: Surrender Attack Re-Supply 4/12/1861 – The Civil War begins with the bombardment of Fort Sumter

Strengths Union Confederacy Population (2x1) Navy Railroad tracks (71%) Firearms production (97%) Industrial capacity The North could feed, clothe, arm and transport more soldiers than the Confederacy Fighting a defensive war (a tie is a win) Passionate for the cause Average soldier had some military experience / owned a weapon Talented army officers (Robert E. Lee) “Cotton is King” Jefferson Davis (?)

Gen. Robert E. Lee

Virginia’s Secession Virginia was by far the most populated and industrialized southern state Its location was vital to both the Union and Confederacy 4/17/1861 – Virginia seceded following Fort Sumter Robert E. Lee, “I have been unable to make up my mind to raise my hand against my native state, my relatives, my children, my home.”

Strategies Union Confederacy 1.) Blockade southern ports Anaconda Plan 1.) Blockade southern ports 2.) Seize the Mississippi River 3.) Take Confederate Capital (Richmond, VA) Defensive Wear down the Union population’s stomach for war