Unit 10 Review Body systems Test

Section 1 - The Brain What are the four lobes to the brain and what are the functions? Parietal Lobe = Sensory information / pain / touch Occipital Lobe = Vision only Temporal Lobe = Visual memories / emotions / hearing Frontal Lobe = Critical thinking / personality

Section 1 - The Brain What are the four lobes to the brain and what are the functions? Cerebrum = largest portion of the brain , processes information Cerebellum = Balance / Coordination / fear Brain Stem = Regulates basic function – heart rate, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

Section 1 – The Brain Draw and label a brain diagram. Parietal Lobe Frontal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe

Section 1 - The Brain What is the difference between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system? Central Peripheral Brain Spinal Cord Function – processes information All nerves outside of CNS Controls reflex pathways as well Function - Takes in information

Section 2 – Heart, Lungs, Blood What are the functions of the parts of the blood? Red blood cells = Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around body White blood cells = fight infection Platelets = stops bleeding, very small Plasma = liquid part of blood, mostly water Formed Elements = Iron, calcium, potassium

Section 2 – Heart, Lungs, Blood How are heart rate and breathing rate related to each other? Heart rate increases with breathing rate (vice versa) How does blood flow in arteries and veins? Arteries flow AWAY from the heart , Veins flow TOWARD the heart What does hemoglobin do for the red blood cells? Iron helps bond oxygen and carbon dioxide to the RBC

Section 2 – Heart, Lungs, Blood What is the structure of the heart? 4 chambers – 2 top = atria, 2 lower = ventricles How does blood flow in the body? Heart  lungs  heart  artery  capillaries (body)  veins  back to heart How does exercise affect blood flow? How does arthrosclerosis affect blood flow? Exercise increases blood flow and makes the heart muscles stronger, thus making it easier for blood to move. Arthrosclerosis restricts blood flow by blocking walls of arteries.

Section 3 – The Immune System What are non-specific responses and specific responses in the immune system? What are common effective methods humans can use to stop the spread of disease? Keep things clean – use of chemicals / heat to kill pathogens, good sanitary habits, antibiotics Specific Non -specific Specific cells = T Cells, B Cells, (Memory cells recognize pathogens and fight it off in the future) Fever Inflammation Increased blood flow

Section 3 – The Immune System How do vaccines work? Antigens from a pathogen are removed from disease and given to the body so it can recognize future infections. Memory cells develop. What do the mucus membranes do in the body? Nose, ears, mouth, excretory organs covered. Catch and trap particles and prevent them from moving into the body further.

Section 4 – Sexual Reproduction Know the major organs of the female and male reproductive systems Female Uterus = embryo develops here Cervix = barrier to the uterus Fallopian Tube = where fertilization occurs Ovaries = produces the ova (eggs) Vagina = entry/exit of reproduction system Uterine Lining = where the fertilized egg attaches Male Testes = produces sperm Epididymis = stores mature sperm Vas Deferens = connects testes to urethra Prostate Gland = produces semen Urethra = carries urine and semen out Penis = houses urethra

Section 4 – Sexual Reproduction What is the purpose of the testes and the ovaries? Testes produce sperm and testosterone. Ovaries produce eggs/ mature eggs and makes estrogen and progesterone. What are the gametes of males and females? Male = sperm , female = ova (ovum)

Section 4 – Sexual Reproduction What does a fetus use the umbilical cord/placenta/and amniotic sac for? Umbilical = connects products of blood with mother, Placenta = filters blood components, Amniotic sac = suspends the fetus for development to prevent damage. What are the names/pattern of development from single cell to whole human? Zygote (fertilized cell)  blastocyst  embryo  fetus  infant (only after birth)

Section 4 – Sexual Reproduction What major events occur during each trimester of development? Trimester 1 Trimester 2 Trimester 3 Overall body structure is made Arms, legs, head, body Organs develop Weeks 0 - 12 Fingers, toes, eyelids, lips form Organs become more dense Movement occurs Weeks 13 - 25 Hair – skin transparent Brain activity – dreams, hearing, sight Organs develop Weeks 26 - 38

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