Cordwood Boilers- Out of the Ashes Scott Nichols, President Tarm Biomass Northeast Biomass Heating Expo, March 30-April 1, 2016 Tarm Biomass ▪ 4 Britton Lane ▪ Lyme, NH 03768 ▪ 800.782.9927 ▪ www.tarmbiomass.com

In 1998 Tarm installed its first wood boiler with thermal storage Tarm Biomass has been importing wood boilers since 1994. In earlier days, the company sold not only Tarm Boilers, but Hoval, Sime, Tasso, Essex, Eshland, Jensen, Logwood, and other boilers. In 1998 Tarm installed its first wood boiler with thermal storage In 2008 Tarm sold the first lambda controlled Froling wood boiler in the U.S. Tarm Biomass sells a range of biomass boilers from residential logwood boilers to 1.7 mmBtu/hr. wood chip boilers. Tarm Biomass ▪ 4 Britton Lane ▪ Lyme, NH 03768 ▪ 800.782.9927 ▪ www.tarmbiomass.com

US EPA Certified Hydronic Heaters March 2016 113 heaters certified represented by 35 companies 71 pellet boilers 64 pellet boilers accepted by NY State DES EN303-5 listing (all of these require use with thermal storage) 42 wood boilers 5 Indoor wood boilers (3 require thermal storage) 12 pellet/chip boilers that cannot be sold for use with chips in residential applications Cleanest wood boilers rival pellet boilers for emissions. Only 7 wood boilers sold by 3 companies are listed as certified to pass 2020 emissions requirements Tarm Biomass ▪ 4 Britton Lane ▪ Lyme, NH 03768 ▪ 800.782.9927 ▪ www.tarmbiomass.com

5 EPA test methods for certifying wood boilers: ASTM 2618 (Consensus Method +Cordwood) ASTM 2618 Annex 1 (Integrated thermal storage- GARN Method) ASTM 2618 Annex 2 (“Partial thermal storage) EPA Method 28 WHH (Original EPA method) EPA Method 28 PTS (Formerly known as Brookhaven Method) Tarm Biomass ▪ 4 Britton Lane ▪ Lyme, NH 03768 ▪ 800.782.9927 ▪ www.tarmbiomass.com

Companies selling EPA Certified wood boilers are about to enter the fourth phase of U.S. wood boiler sales: Phase I: 1974-1985 Indoor boilers rule. Two stage gasification emerges. Phase II: 1985-2007 Growing industry of indoor and outdoor boilers of all types. Phase III: 2008-2015 Many new companies emerge selling everything from homemade outdoor boilers to European imports. The market is over-supplied. Phase IV: 2016-? The EPA Era. Already seeing a reduction in saleable boilers for residential use. I’m optimistic that our black eyes will fade. Program support may reemerge. Tarm Biomass ▪ 4 Britton Lane ▪ Lyme, NH 03768 ▪ 800.782.9927 ▪ www.tarmbiomass.com

Phase IV Technical Topics: Lambda oxygen controls become more prevalent. Active air controls are almost a must. Modulating outputs are important. Catalysts are the logical next step, but I’m not sure how. Thermal storage becomes commonplace. There will be more room to work on efficiency and not only particulate emissions. Thermal storage heat losses vs. outdoor boiler heat losses become an important topic. Tarm Biomass ▪ 4 Britton Lane ▪ Lyme, NH 03768 ▪ 800.782.9927 ▪ www.tarmbiomass.com

Wood burning remains very attractive for those who see the big picture and have money to spend on the choices they want to make. Tarm Biomass ▪ 4 Britton Lane ▪ Lyme, NH 03768 ▪ 800.782.9927 ▪ www.tarmbiomass.com