Tissue Culture Tissue Culture is a method in which a few cells from the vegetative plant body are taken and kept in a nutrient medium.

Plant Tissue Culture

Definition the culture of plant seeds, organs, explants, tissues, cells, or protoplasts on nutrient media under sterile conditions.

Tissue culture It is a type of micro propagation In this method new plants are grown by removing tissues or cells from the tips from the plants. New plants are formed from isolated plant cells or tissues in a synthetic medium. New plants are formed from isolated plant cells or tissues in a synthetic medium.

What Is Micro Propagation? “… the asexual or vegetative propagation (multiplication) of plants in vitro “ Implies - regeneration - multiplication - uniformity ??

Benefits for propagation ... Rapid multiplication of clones Difficult species ? Genetic uniformity ? Aseptic conditions Micro- stock plants Controlled environment

Choice of explant Shoot tips Desirable properties of an explant Axillary buds Seeds Hypocotyl (from germinated seed) Leaves Desirable properties of an explant Easily sterilisable Juvenile Responsive to culture

A few cells or tissues are removed from growing tips of plants & put in an artificial medium

The cells divide rapidly to form a small group of cells called callus

Formation of plantlets from callus

Callus transferred to another medium

Applications Of Tissue Culture Micro propagation is widely used in forestry & in floriculture. A plant breeder may use tissue culture to screen cells rather than plants for advantageous characters, e.g. herbicide Large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture in bioreactors for production of valuable compounds, like plant-derived secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins used as biopharmaceuticals. As a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic constructs or regeneration of transgenetic plants. micro propagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals.

Industrial Applications Secondary metabolites produced by plants Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Anthocyanins, Anthraquinones, Polyphenols Often unclear function in the plant Often restricted production (specific species, tissue or organ) Many are commercially valuable Cell culture techniques allow large-scale production of specific secondary metabolites

Advantages Small part of plant is required Produce many plantlets in small areas Disease-free plants Pest-resistant

Disadvantages of tissue culture If large scale production is being thinking, the costs of the equipments are very expensive. There may be error in the identity of the organisms after culture. Infection may continue thorough generations easily if possible precautions are not taken. The procedure needs special attention and diligently done observation.

Examples of Tissue culture Orchid chrysanthemum

Asparagus