Fiction 1 Plan Resources Y5: Summer Term Fiction 1: Classic Fiction: The Hobbit

What do we remember about clauses? Clauses are groups of words with an active verb; they make sense. These are all clauses because they have an active verb and they make sense. They are called single-clause sentences because one clause makes up the entire sentence. He looked around. Bilbo was in darkness. He could see nothing. They can stand alone so they are main clauses (also called independent clauses). Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

Independent clauses can be linked by and, or, but. He looked around but he could see nothing. Bilbo was in darkness and he could see nothing. He looked around but he could see nothing. Bilbo was in darkness and he could see nothing. They are called multi-clause sentences because the sentence is made up of more than one clause. The conjunctions and, or and but are co-ordinating conjunctions. They link independent clauses with equal importance to the meaning of the sentence. Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

Some sentences are made up of more than one clause. Choose two independent clauses to link using and, or, but. Dragons love gold. They are often rather plump. Hobbits enjoy their food. They tend to collect their treasure in huge heaps. Dwarfs are very brave. They will turn back into rock. Trolls must stay out of daylight. They are often short tempered. Ideas Dragons love gold and they tend to collect their treasure in huge heaps. Hobbits enjoy their food and they are often rather plump. Dwarfs are very brave but they are often short tempered. Trolls must stay out of daylight or they will turn back into rock. Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

Subordinating Conjunctions Some conjunctions add extra information to an independent clause. Conjunctions can give meaning to the links, to do with… time place cause condition contrast when while since as before after until where wherever because as since if unless even if although though whereas while Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

Subordinating conjunctions link main clauses to subordinate clauses. Bilbo was in darkness although he could sense that someone else was there. He could see nothing even if he opened his eyes wide. When he heard a sound, he looked around. These are still called multi-clause sentences because the sentence is made up of more than one clause. These sentences are made up of a main clause (which carries the most important information) and… …a subordinate clause which adds to the meaning of the main clause but cannot stand alone. Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

Which is the main clause and subordinate clause in each of these multi-clause sentences? Without thinking about it, he put the ring in his pocket. It was a turning point in his career although he didn't know it. While keeping an eye on the cave mouth, he drew his sword. When he heard nothing, Bilbo trudged through the tunnel. He could hear dripping when he listened hard. Before Bilbo could speak, he splashed into water. ANSWER Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

Which is the main clause and subordinate clause in each of these multi-clause sentences?   Without thinking about it, he put the ring in his pocket. It was a turning point in his career although he didn't know it. While keeping an eye on the cave mouth, he drew his sword. When he heard nothing, Bilbo trudged through the tunnel. He could hear dripping when he listened hard. Before Bilbo could speak, he splashed into water. ANSWER Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

Why might we use multi-clause sentences? Extending and linking clauses with conjunctions helps us to: add extra detail to a sentence play with sentence length for impact vary the rhythm of our writing to help it flow Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 1

What is the head noun in each noun phrase? Nouns and Noun Phrases The strange, dark forest made them feel nervous. At night, they could see horrible, bulbous eyes. What is the head noun in each noun phrase? Week 2 Monday Grammar 2

Nouns and Noun Phrases The strange, dark forest made them feel nervous. At night, they could see horrible, bulbous eyes. What is the head noun in each noun phrase? Which other words make up the noun phrase? Week 2 Monday Grammar 2

We can replace a noun phrase with a pronoun. Nouns and Noun Phrases The strange, dark forest made them feel nervous. At night, they could see horrible, bulbous eyes. What is the head noun in each noun phrase? The words in the noun phrase depend on the head noun and build on its meaning. Which other words make up the noun phrase? Week 2 Monday Grammar 2

How to build Powerful Noun Phrases Add words before the head noun: Trees seemed to watch them. Dark trees seemed to watch them. Dark, sprawling trees, seemed to watch them. trees Add words after the head noun: Trees, with reaching branches, seemed to watch them. Trees, old and ancient, seemed to watch them. Or you can do both at once: Dark, sprawling trees, with reaching branches, seemed to watch them. Week 2 Monday Grammar 2

Try building a Noun Phrase around this head noun. The undergrowth lurked. Week 2 Monday Grammar 2

Making Complicated Information Concise Dark, sprawling trees, with reaching branches, seemed to watch them. The thick, tangled undergrowth, populated with hungry eyes, lurked. There is quite a lot of information conveyed in these expanded noun phrases. You can give your reader lots of detail to build a vivid image of a setting or character. Week 2 Monday Grammar 2

Relative Clauses Relative clauses can give more information about a noun or pronoun. They usually begin with a relative pronoun. The Dwarfs hid in the barrels. Tell me more about The Dwarfs. The dwarfs, who were squashed and irritable, hid in the barrels. Tell me more about the barrels. The dwarfs hid in the barrels which stank of rotten apples. Relative Pronouns who, which, where, when, whose, that Relative pronouns relate the clause to the noun or pronoun. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Relative Clauses Try adding a relative clause to this sentence. IDEAS Relative Clauses Try adding a relative clause to this sentence. Add information about a noun or pronoun. Start it with a relative pronoun. Tell me more about Gandalf or his beard. Gandalf had a long beard. Gandalf, who never went to the barbers, had a long beard. Gandalf had a long beard which . Relative Pronouns who, which, where, when, whose, that Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Relative Clauses Try adding a relative clause to this sentence. IDEAS Relative Clauses Try adding a relative clause to this sentence. Add information about a noun or pronoun. Start it with a relative pronoun. Tell me more about Gandalf or his beard. Gandalf had a long beard. Gandalf, who never went to the barbers, had a long beard. Gandalf had a long beard which touched the ground as he walked. . Relative Pronouns who, which, where, when, whose, that Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Punctuating Relative Clauses When the relative clause comes after the main clause, we do not usually separate the clauses with a comma. main clause relative clause The dwarves hid in the barrels that were empty. A comma would create an unnecessary break in the sentence. The relative clause tells us information needed to make sense of the main clause. There were many barrels but only the empty ones were used by the dwarves. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Punctuating Embedded Relative Clauses Sometimes the relative clause is embedded in the main clause. main clause Gandalf rode a white horse. The relative clause needs to be next to the noun: Gandalf. Tell me more about Gandalf. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Punctuating Embedded Relative Clauses Sometimes the relative clause is embedded in the main clause. main clause main clause Gandalf, who was a sheepdog, rode a white horse. The main clause splits to make space... Tell me more about Gandalf. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Punctuating Embedded Relative Clauses Sometimes the relative clause is embedded in the main clause. main clause main clause Gandalf, whose beard was wrapped around his waist, rode a white horse. The main clause splits to make space... The main clause splits to make space... for the relative clause. Tell me more about Gandalf. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Punctuating Embedded Relative Clauses Sometimes the relative clause is embedded in the main clause. Commas separate the clauses because the relative clause breaks up the main clause. Gandalf, whose beard was wrapped around his waist, rode a white horse. Tell me more about Gandalf. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Spot the relative clause Plenary ANSWERS Read the multi-clause sentences and spot the relative clauses. Tell a partner where commas are needed. The hobbits who wear no shoes have exceptionally furry feet. The most important dwarf whose name was Thorin Oakenshield was not impressed with his entry into Bilbo Baggins’ house. The giant spiders started to spin an enormous web which wound itself about the trees. The misty mountains which the dwarves had to cross were well known for being home to many dangerous creatures. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Spot the relative clause Plenary ANSWERS Read the multi-clause sentences and spot the relative clauses. Tell a partner where commas are needed. The hobbits, who wear no shoes, have exceptionally furry feet. The most important dwarf, whose name was Thorin Oakenshield, was not impressed with his entry into Bilbo Baggins’ house. The giant spiders started to spin an enormous web which wound itself about the trees. The misty mountains, which the dwarves had to cross, were well known for being home to many dangerous creatures. Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

It seemed as if darkness flowed out like a vapour from the hole in the mountain-side, and deep darkness in which nothing could be seen lay before their eyes, a yawning mouth leading in and down. From p. 99 The Hobbit (Graphic Novel Version) Week 2 Friday Composition 4

How to punctuate Dialogue What can you remember?     “I must go on,” said Bilbo bravely.  Gollum asked, “What iss he my preciouss?”  “I am Mister Bilbo Baggins”, he explained. Hug the spoken words with speech marks Say who is speaking (reporting clause) Use a capital letter at the beginning of the spoken words Use a comma to separate the clauses – unless you need a ? Or ! Start a new line for every change of speaker Week 3 Wednesday Grammar 6

How to punctuate Dialogue Tell your partner what punctuation is needed here. Blimey Bert, look what I’ve copped exclaimed Tom What is it said Bert. Tom shrugged Lumme if I knows. “Blimey Bert, look what I’ve copped!” exclaimed Tom. “What is it?” said Bert. Tom shrugged, “Lumme if I knows.” change of speaker Week 3 Wednesday Grammar 6

How to punctuate Dialogue Tell your partner what punctuation is needed here. Blimey Bert, look what I’ve copped exclaimed Tom What is it grunted Bert. Tom shrugged Lumme if I knows. “Blimey Bert, look what I’ve copped!” exclaimed Tom. “What is it?” said Bert. Tom shrugged, “Lumme if I knows.” change of speaker Week 3 Wednesday Grammar 6

How to punctuate Dialogue Tell your partner what punctuation is needed here. Blimey Bert, look what I’ve copped exclaimed Tom What is it grunted Bert. Tom shrugged Lumme if I knows. Tom is excitable and easily confused “Blimey Bert, look what I’ve copped!” exclaimed Tom. “What is it?” said Bert. Tom shrugged, “Lumme if I knows.” babbled Tom excitedly. growled Bert. Bert is gruff and grumpy. We can give clues about the characters using dialogue. Week 3 Wednesday Grammar 6

What languages are these translations written in? French Polish Week 3 Friday Spoken language 4

Chinese Russian What languages are these translations written in? Why do you think The Hobbit has been published in many languages? Week 3 Friday Spoken language 4