Journal of Ginseng Research

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Journal of Ginseng Research Proteomic change by Korean Red Ginseng in the substantia nigra of a Parkinson's disease mouse model Dongsoo Kim, Sunoh Kwon, Hyongjun Jeon, Sun Ryu, Ki-Tae Ha, Seungtae Kim Journal of Ginseng Research DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.008 Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on abnormal motor function induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. MPTP-treated mice required more time to descend than saline-treated mice, but this was significantly restored by oral administration of KRG. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (n = 6 in each group). All results were determined based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Neuman–Keuls post hoc test. *p < 0.05 compared with the saline group. ##p < 0.01 compared with the MPTP group. KRG, MPTP-treated and KRG-administered group; MPTP, MPTP-treated group; saline, saline (vehicle)-treated group. Journal of Ginseng Research DOI: (10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.008) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). (A) TH-specific immunohistochemical staining in the SN. (B) The number of TH-positive neurons in the SN. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment significantly decreased TH-positive neurons in the SN, whereas KRG administration preserved the MPTP-induced neuronal loss. Scale bar, 200 μm. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (n = 6 in each group). All results were determined based on one-way analysis of variance with the Neuman–Keuls post hoc test. *p < 0.05 compared with the saline group. #p < 0.05 compared with the MPTP group. Journal of Ginseng Research DOI: (10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.008) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Protein expressions in the substantia nigra identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (A) Protein expressions in the substantia nigra obtained over different pI ranges. (B) Representation of differentially expressed protein spots. Twelve proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF analysis. KRG, Korean Red Ginseng; MALDI-TOF, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Journal of Ginseng Research DOI: (10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.008) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced differential profiles of protein expressions in the substantia nigra. The levels were illustrated as the relative normalized volumes (RNV) of the proteins. Data are shown as the means ± standard deviation (n = 3 in each group). All results were determined based on one-way analysis of variance with the Neuman–Keuls post hoc test. Arrowheads represent protein spots. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with the saline group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.01 compared with the MPTP group. Journal of Ginseng Research DOI: (10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.008) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Verification of immunostaining and proteomic analysis using Western blotting. (A) Changes in the protein expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP2) and collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5). (B) Relative values of Cdk5, p35, and p25 expressions. TH expression in the substantia nigra showed a similar trend as immunostaining, and the DRP2 and CRMP5 showed a similar trend as the results from 2-DE analysis. Data are shown as the means ± standard deviation (n = 3 in each group), and all results were determined based on one-way ANOVA with the Neuman–Keuls post hoc test. Journal of Ginseng Research DOI: (10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.008) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions