#8 - Modern Pakistan 1977 - today
The British official responsible for the partition lines establishing Pakistan and India, Cyril Radcliffe, never visited the border areas to inform himself about rivers, forests, agriculture or industry. He simply took a pencil and drew. 30 years after his work was done he said he would never return to India because he was certain he would be shot by both Indians and Pakistanis.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah – Pakistan’s Founder and first leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah – Pakistan’s Founder and first leader. He died in 1948 one year after independence at the age of 82.
India and Pakistan Have Fought Three Wars: 1947, 1965 and 1971 A Fourth Could Lead to a Nuclear Exchange
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto – Pakistani Prime Minister 1971-1977 Hanged in 1978 – charged with ordering the assassination of a rival in 1974
Zia-ul-Haq Seized power in coup in 1977 Devout Muslim “Without Islam, Pakistan would fail” Built madrassas (religious schools) Built up military
Influence in Afghanistan 1979 - 1989 Zia waged Islamic jihad against Soviets in Afghan. Pakistan received $3.2 billion from US Soviets pull out in 1989. Pakistan backs Taliban takeover of Afghanistan
Zia-ul-Haq Seized power in coup in 1977 Devout Muslim “Without Islam, Pakistan would fail” Built madrassas Built up military
President Zia ul-Haq Pakistani President from 1977 to 1988 President Zia ul-Haq Pakistani President from 1977 to 1988. His rule was cut short when the plane he, the U.S ambassador and several Pakistani generals were travelling in mysteriously exploded.
Nuclear Weapons 1998 Pakistan tested nuclear bombs 1999 India and Pakistan agreed to halt tests
Nukes for sale Abdul Qadeer Khan- hero! Abdul Qadeer Khan- villain! Designed Pakistan’s bomb Abdul Qadeer Khan- villain! Sold bomb making equipment to: Libya, Iran, North Korea Maybe more in Middle East, Africa? Still under house arrest Pardoned by Musharraf
1999 Kashmir War #4 against India Pakistan moved into Kargil. Failed. Gen. Musharraf seized power from humiliated gov. Still wants jihad in Kashmir and Afghanistan… until…
“You are either with us or with the terrorists” Musharraf chooses to be with the US after 9/11 Pakistan supports US invasion of Afghanistan but Mountainous border regions provide Taliban sanctuary Bin Laden hides in Pakistan until May 2011
Struggle against Taliban continues… Taliban attacks in Pakistan increase after 2005
Drone Wars Unmanned drones attack militants. Taliban and Al Qaida weakened. But protest against US drone strikes is growing.