Unit 3: Maintenance and Safety Checks

What Does a Battery Work? Function: Stores electrical energy inside of cells. How: Battery Contains Sulfuric acid/water combination. When discharged (used), electrolyte solution becomes more diluted. When charging (either on charger or alternator), electrical energy is converted to chemical energy & sulfuric acid/water solution becomes more concentrated.

Using Jumper Cables… First Connect the Positive post of the (good) booster battery, then the Positive post of the dead battery. Good Battery Dead Battery From http://www.cyb.co.nz/automotive/batt_facts/jumpstart.htm

Using Jumper Cables Continued Next connect the negative post of the booster battery, then connect the cable to a good ground away from the battery on the dead machine. Good Battery Dead Battery From http://www.cyb.co.nz/automotive/batt_facts/jumpstart.htm

How important is Oil? Extremely Important! 4 Main Functions of Oil: Reduces friction of moving parts Carries heat away from engine. Creates seal between piston and cylinder wall. Keeps engine clean.

Oil Viscosity: The viscosity grade (for example, SAE 30 or a Multigrade oil like 5W-30) tells you the oil's thickness, or viscosity. A thin oil has a lower number and flows more easily, while thick oils have a higher number and are more resistant to flow. Water has a very low viscosity -- it is thin and flows easily. Honey has a very high viscosity -- it is thick and gooey.

Most oils on the shelves today are "Multigrades", which simply means that the oil falls into 2 viscosity grades (i.e. 10w-40) Multigrades were first developed some 50 years ago to avoid the old routine of using a thinner oil in winter and a thicker oil in summer. In a 10w-40 for example the 10w (W = winter, simply means that the oil must have a certain maximum viscosity/flow at low temperature. The lower the "W" number the better the oil's cold temperature/cold start performance.

Fuel Systems: Gasoline: Diesel: Fuel Tank  Carburetor  Spark Plugs  Engine Diesel: Fuel Tank  Pump & Injectors  Engine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgbuE1FT5Ks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYWUWMmimjQ Both have very small passageways for fuel movement. Important that fuel be kept free of dirt & water.

http://videos. howstuffworks http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31562-massive-engines-hydraulic-diggers-video.htm Hydraulic System Works through set of hydraulic rams pulling & pushing. Problems can be attributed to: 1 Not enough oil in reservoir. 2). Dirty/clogged filter. 3). Leaking connections. 4). Incorrect oil in system. Milky colored= water in system. Clean quick couplers before connecting.

Lubricating moving parts Use correct type of grease & wipe fittings to remove debris before attaching grease gun.

Maintain Clutch-Free Travel ½” – 2” of clutch movement is normal. May burn out if not maintained

What is Maintenance? Proper Prevention Prevents Poor Performance…

In this section, we will discuss: Daily Maintenance Checks Preventive Maintenance Schedule Maintenance Systems and Charts Maintenance Operation

Daily Maintenance FOUR REASONS FOR DAILY MAINTENANCE: Reduces Tractor and Machine Stoppages Reduces Equipment Safety Hazards Reduces Operation Cost Increases Service Life

Preventive Maintenance Schedule 4 WAYS/TYPES OF HOW A PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE IS KEPT: Schedule Maintenance By Hours (10, 50, 100, 250, etc) Seasonal Checks or Yearly Checks Date and Hours of Machine when Service or Maintenance is Completed. Any Additional Records (Oil, Fuel, Repair Cost)

Maintenance Systems And Charts Used to find out when suggested maintenance and lubrication should be done.

Maintenance Operation- (found in operator’s manual) (Look @ ~pg. 27 for details) Air Cleaner Keep Clean- 9,000 gal. of air drawn into engine for every gal. of fuel. Air must be free of foreign materials if engine to function w/out excessive wear. Battery Keep charged, check electrolyte levels every 50 hours of use. Clutch-free Travel ½ in- 2in of clutch free travel normal. Clutch can burn out if not maintained. Crankcase Oil Check oil level daily, change oil filter when changing oil Fuel System Keep fuel away from water & dirt- can get stuck in narrow fuel lines causing blockages. Keep machine fueled & service fuel filter regularly. Hydraulic System Check hyd. Oil every 50 hours, replace every 1200 hours. Clean filter. Milky=water, Leaks=air in line Lubrication Lube move parts every 50 hours, wipe fitting before greasing Transmission Check 1x/week, replace every 2 years. Checked by removing trans. Dipstick or plug Power Takeoff Check oil every 50 hours, make sure shields are in place Cooling System Check coolant level every 10 hours, check for leaks, change antifreeze 1x year Tires Overinflated- excessive wear. Underinflated- Excess flexing, heating, and premature wear

Tires… Can add ballast (weight) to improve traction. Too much weight-no evidence of tread slippage Too little weight-too much slippage 10%-15% slippage is ideal.

Types of Ballast Material Cost Freeze Resist Weight vs. Water Safe? Availability free none +0% very safe wide Calcium Chloride low -50F +40% Corrosive (need to put in tubes) Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze medium -40F toxic Propylene Glycol Antifreeze high safe Windshield Washer Fluid -20F Beet Juice (i.e. Rim Guard) very high -35F +30% dealer network Polyurethane Foam/Flat Fill +20-50%

The Daily Maintenance Check: Fuel Supply Radiator Coolant Level Tire Pressure Battery Fluid Level Crankcase Oil Level- oil level may decrease over time…

The Safety Check- When a tractor is serviced, check for safety hazards like loose belts, worn/broken/damaged parts, & dirt accumulation. Also check: Seat Position and Security Steering Connections Hitch Tires and Wheels Platform (no loose objects) Steps and handholds Brake Pedal locking function works Attached Equipment Ignition Wiring

Assignment: Unit 3: Pg. 37 (1-10) Maintenance & Safety Checks Optional Enrichment Assignment for Success: Pg. 36 Maintenance & Safety Checks