Afghanistan EFA MDA National Report

Introduction Population: 24 million(12.3 million males, 11.7 million females) Religion: 99% Islam National languages: Pushto and Dari Local official languages: Uzbaki, Turki, Pamiri, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani Economy: about 50% ordinary(operational) budget is from internal income and reminded ordinary budget and the total of development budget are from external donors Politic: Governmental system is mixed of presidential and parliamentary Geography: 34 provinces, middle weather(climate), mountainous country

Trends in Educational Development

Unreached Groups Girls Rural-Urban Differences in Access Kuchies Children with disabilities

Constitution Article forty three: Education is the right of all the people of Afghanistan that is ensured to be free up to bachelor degree in the governmental educational institutions. The government is obliged to planning and implementation the effective programs for balanced universalized education in all over Afghanistan and the compulsory middle education and has to provide teaching condition in native language for local area.

Education Structure I Ministry of Education General education, grade 1 -12: Basic education, grade 1-9(free and compulsory): Primary education (grade 1-6) Formal primary schools Community based schools Accelerated learning program Middle or lower secondary education (7-9) Upper secondary education, grade 10-12 Islamic education, grade 1-14 Technical and vocational education: Three years program, grade 10-12 Two years program, grade 13-14 Teacher education college: Five years program, grade 10-14 Literacy programs: Literacy courses Community learning center(CLC)

Education Structure II Ministry of Higher Education Bachelor degree Master degree

Education Structure III Ministry of Labor & Social Affairs Nursery program kindergarten program Short term vocational training program

Afghanistan National Development Strategy(ANDS) Forum EFA Coordination Afghanistan National Development Strategy(ANDS) Forum Education Consultative Group (ECG)

Integration of the National Education Development Strategy in national development Strategy Afghanistan National Development Strategy(ANDS) Document: Education Sector Strategy Infrastructure &Natural Resources Strategy Health Strategy Governance, Rule of Law and Human Rights Strategy Economic Governance and Private Sector Development Strategy Agriculture & Rural Development Strategy Social Protection Strategy Security Strategy

Integration of the EFA National Action Plan in National Education Development Strategy National Education strategic Plan: Islamic education General education Program Technical/vocational education Program Adult literacy and non-formal education Program Teacher education and working conditions Program School construction and school mapping Program Curriculum development Program Management capacity and public administration reform Program

Existing situation analysis of the ECCE Goal There is no formal policy or system related to early childhood education. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs runs approximately 200 kindergartens in the country but these are essentially day care centers without a strong educational component and are run primarily for the children of government employees. programs The Ministry of Education is responsible for developing a curriculum outline for pre-school education but, this has not yet been completed.

ECCE New Program Develop policies, regulations and guidelines for pre-school education and establish eight pilot pre-school centers by 2010

Progress in Achieving UBE Goal

Progress in Achieving UBE Goal

LevelGPR-OverallGPR-RuralGPR-UrbanPrimary56. 147. 475 LevelGPR-OverallGPR-RuralGPR-UrbanPrimary56.147.475.2Lower secondary33.311.953.6Higher secondary28.06.841.8Total Grades 1-1252.543.569.3

Gender Disparity UBE

Education for Special groups in UBE Kuchies (nomadic, semi-nomadic) there are more than 2.4 million Kuchi in Afghanistan Kuchi children attending school is 6.6% for boys and 1.8% for girls Children with disabilities: 196,000 school-aged children with disabilities only 22.4% of them (15% of girls) are attending regular government schools More than 75% of them have not accessed school for any period of time drop-out rate for students who do enroll is high – more than 75% drop out during primary school and the number of those completing secondary and continuing to higher education is less than one percent

Quality of UBE The quality of education in Afghanistan is perceived to be quite low and is affected by multiple factors: lack of teachers with a thorough content-based knowledge and an understanding of effective teaching methods the lack of safe, conducive learning spaces lack of quality teaching and learning materials (including textbooks

Challenges in Implementation of UBE goal: Female Teachers

Challenges in Implementation of UBE goal: Qualified Teachers

Challenges in Implementation of UBE goal: Qualified Teachers

Challenges in Implementation of UBE goal: Infrastructure Number of Schools: 8,397 Useable:2,080 Without buildings:3,851 Needing rehabilitation: 1,123 Needing expansion:1,361

Challenges in Implementation of UBE goal: Multiple Shift Schools

UBE New Program By 2010 the net enrolment rate for boys and girls in primary grades will be at least 75% and 60% respectively To build a national cadre of qualified primary and secondary school teachers to improve the learning achievements of all primary and secondary school students To improve access to education and the quality of learning spaces by constructing, rehabilitating and furnishing schools throughout the country To develop a quality modern national curriculum for primary and secondary schools built on moderate Islamic principles that will meet national, regional and international standards

Progress in Achieving Life Skill Goal Development “Life Skill” Text Book for Grade 1-3 Technical and Vocational Schools:42 Technical and Vocational Student:9,011 (8,029 Male, 982 Female)

Challenges in Implementation of Life Skill goal: T&V Schools Qualified Teachers Qualifications Number of teachers % of Total Grade 12 199 29.5% Grade 14 247 36.7% Bachelor’s 175 26.0% Master 53 7.8% Total 674 100%

Challenges in Implementation of Life Skill goal: Infrastructure Number of T&V Schools: 42 Completely damaged :10 Partially damaged :16

Challenges in Implementation of Life Skill goal: T&V Schools Curriculum The existing curriculum in the technical and vocational schools has not been updated for almost 30 years

Life Skill New Program To provide relevant and quality technical and vocational educational opportunities that meet the needs of the labour market for post basic education students and all young and unemployed Afghans, male and female

Progress and Gaps in Achieving Literacy Goal the estimated literacy rate of those aged 15 and above was 34% in 1383 (50% for men and 18% for women) In rural areas where 74 percent of all Afghans live, however, an estimated 90 percent of women and 63 percent of men cannot read, write and do a simple math computation (MRRD 2003). The rates are only somewhat better in urban areas.

Challenges in Implementation of Literacy goal Literacy facilitators: Among existing facilitators, 27% have not completed Grade 12 Learning spaces Curriculum Community participation

Literacy New Program To develop a long-term literacy programme to empower communities and individuals to build a productive, secure, literate nation

Challenges to Providing Education Policy and budget Economic factors Social and cultural factors Geographic factors School factors (facilities, human resources, teaching resources) Security Child labor