What was the Treaty of Versailles and how did it leave EACH Germany, Italy, & Japan dissatisfied? Warm up pg 131

Target Know the Great Depression exacerbated the effects of the Treaty of Versailles Know what Fascism and Nazism are and where each happened Understand that Communism dominates China and Russia at this time and how

Quiz 40 minutes

Interwar Years 1919-1939 Notes pg132 After WWI/ “Great War”, the world is characterized by: Changing Political landscapes Fascism, Nazism Italy, Germany Heightened Nationalism New Nationalism in newly formed colonies/ provinces from League of Nations Mandates Communism China, Russia Troubled economies Great Depression

Great Depression Modest Economic Growth in 1920’s b/c of the war All about to change GD caused by 2 major events: Black Tuesday: USA stock market crash in 1929 Reduction in buying – food, property, other goods Germany: Hit hardest Rampant inflation Bank failure US banks withdraw money after crash Paying for WWI debt PLUS reparations b/c War Guilt Clause Response Keynesian Economics: GD inspired John Maynard Keynes to Rejects Laissez-faire ideal gov’t could improve economy New Deal: FDR uses Keynes ideas to address USA GR Series of programs to bring: Relief, Recovery, and reform Relief to poor, unemployed, minorities, women Recovery to bring USA out of depression through gov’t spending Reform gov’t policies to help avoid disasters in the future

GD Elsewhere USA W. Europe  Latin America, Africa, Asia International trade down Nations imposed strict tariffs on imports, tried to protect jobs from foreigners Japan: recovered very quickly Important for role in WWII

China Hoped to be free of Europe after WWI, but Europe gives power to Japan CCP (Communist, Mao Zedong ) vs. Kuomintang (Nationalists. Sun Yat-Sun) Work together to free China, but Chinese Civil war (1927) Mao Zedong & Long March – communists Surge in Chinese Civil War 1935 Nationalists and Communists work together again against Japan Resume fighting against each other after WWII

Fascism Fascism: Authoritarian and nationalistic right wing system of government and social organization Suppress other political parties, protests, independent trade unions In this era used extreme violence to achieved goals and strongly anti-communist Italy Although WWI major power, they got little territory at the end. Mussolini takes overs and uses nationalism to push an agenda to stop Italy from being an inferior nation. Push into Africa and defies League of Nations Mandate

Nazism Nazism Defeat in 1918 (end of WWI) ends Kaisers monarchial rule  Weimar Republic Germany Upset: Had to pay millions (reparations), can’t have army, and now Great Depression. Weimar Republic seemed weak National Socialist German Workers Party/ Nazis came to power legally 1933 Adolf Hitler is invited to become Chancellor 1943 President Hindenburg dies, Hitler is now president Fear Mongering Nazis use fear to make German people think they are in a state of emergency Ultra- Nationalism Scientific Racism and anti-Semitism Nuremburg Laws 1935: No marriage between Jews and Gentiles, Jews aren’t citizens, etc

Growth of Nationalism in SW Asia, S Asia, and Africa Anti Colonial Sentiment Self-determination had been given only to white countries in Eastern Europe Self Determination in Turkey Turkish Nationalist movement under Mustafa Kemal India Indian National Congress pushed for self-determination Gandhi Two-State Solution Pakistan and India Independence Movements in Africa Anti colonialism started with Africans who were schooled in Europe and came back and saw rampant discrimination Negritude Movement in French West Africa Amristar – convinced Indian Congress British rule wouldn’t work

End of Class Review Homework What is Fascism and what two countries and their leaders did it rise in? Read 14 points of Fascism & either copy or print out and put on pg 133