Prevalence of Cervical Cancer in Hispanic American Women as compared to the general population in MA By Beshair Nurhussien, Agnes Nantambi, and Allison Wood Worcester Technical High, Doherty Memorial, Doherty Memorial alli

Health Disparity “Difference in the incidence, prevalence mortality, and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups.” (NIH) beshair

What is Cervical Cancer? Cancer is caused by mutations within DNA. Cervical cancer affects a women’s cervix. Caused by the human papilloma virus, known as HPV. 81% of cases could be prevented via HPV vaccination. Pap Smears – sampling the lining of the cervix and testing for cancerous cells – also help prevent cases of Cervical Cancer. alli

The most common symptoms and signs of cervical cancer Abnormal vaginal bleeding Increased vaginal discharge Bleeding after going through menopause Pain during sex Pelvic pain Beshair

Stages Agnes

Why Hispanic women? Hispanic women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer due to socioeconomic and lifestyle reasons. Beshair

Prevalence by Race/ Ethnicity Beshair

Reasons for Disparity Socioeconomic: Lifestyle: Poverty (https://talkpoverty.org/state-year-report/massachusetts-2016-report/) Lack of health insurance (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988151/) Lifestyle: Smoking (www.everdayhealth.com) Using oral birth control (www.cancer.gov) alli

Poverty Statistics in MA

Insurance Difference Despite the Health reform, the Hispanic population remained less likely to be insured in MA. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988151/) alli

Smoking Statistics Agnes (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/state_data/state_highlights/2012/states/massachusetts/index.h tm) Agnes

Birth Control Statistics (http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/ssp/252/) alli

Treatment Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Targeted therapy (http://www.businessinsider.com/the-average-out-of-pocket-costs-for-cancer- patients-can-be-catastrophic-regardless-of-health-care-coverage-2016-11) Agnes

Local Resources alli

Conclusions Hispanic women are twice as likely to develop cervical cancer due to socioeconomic issues such as poverty and lifestyles. This shows the disparity of cervical cancer because Hispanic American women show a heightened susceptibility. Agnes

Citations Russell, Lesley. "Fact Sheet: Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity." Center for American Progress. ,16 Dec. 2010. Web. 18 July 2017. "Examples of Cancer Health Disparities." National Cancer Institute. Web. 18 July 2017. CATHY PASCUAL | TIMES STAFF WRITER. "Culture Puts Vietnamese Women at Increased Cancer Risk." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 12 Oct. 2000. Web. 18 July 2017. "Cervical Cancer." American Cancer Society. Web. 18 July 2017. "Cancer Causes." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 23 May 2015. Web. 18 July 2017. "Doctor for Pap Smear Exam in Miami." Fox Medical Centers. Web. 18 July 2017. Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad. "What Is Cervical Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Stages." MedicineNet. Web. 18 July 2017. "Treating Cervical Cancer." American Cancer Society. Web. 18 July 2017. "Cervical Cytology." Clinical Presentation, Stages and Treatment of Cervical Cancer | Eurocytology. Web. 18 July 2017. "Hispanic Americans and Cancer." Fred Hutch. Web. 18 July 2017. "Cervical Cancer Incidence Rate per 100,000 Women by Race/Ethnicity." The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 03 Mar. 2017. Web. 18 July 2017. Bureau of Health Statistics, Research, and Evaluation Division of Research and Epidemiology Health Survey Program Massachusetts, YWCA Central. "Prevention Education." Ywca of Central Massachusetts. Web. 19 July 2017. "Adult Education." Adult Education | Worcester Public Schools. Web. 19 July 2017. agnes

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