External carotid artery DR.AYAT ELDOMOUKY

ECA: begin, course.

END

Relation anterolateral sternomastoid hypoglossal n. facial n Relation anterolateral sternomastoid hypoglossal n. facial n.within parotid medially pharynx, stylopharyngeal m. glossopharyngeal n. and pharyngeal branch of vagus n. FACIAL NERVE

Branches of ECA

Maxillary artery

Begin, course, end. Begin: The maxillary artery is the largest branch of the external carotid artery Course: The maxillary artery originates within the substance of the parotid gland and then passes forward, behind the neck of mandible It passes through the infratemporal fossa and then between the upper and lower heads of lateral pterygoid to access the pterygomaxillary fissure to enters the pterygopalatine fossa. End: as infraorbital artery.

Maxillary artery divided into three parts by lateral pterygoid muscle 1- first part deep to the neck of mandible 2- second part pass either superficial or deep to lateral pterygoid muscle 3- third part enter perygopalatine fossa

Branches:

Branches 1-the first part of the maxillary artery (MIADA) gives origin to two major branches (the middle meningeal and inferior alveolar arteries) and a number of smaller branches (deep auricular, anterior tympanic, and accessory meningeal). 2-the second part of the maxillary artery gives origin to deep temporal, masseteric, buccal, and pterygoid branches. 3-the third part of the maxillary artery (PIGPPS) the posterior superior alveolar, infra-orbital, greater palatine, pharyngeal, sphenopalatine arteries and the artery of the pterygoid canal

Internal jugular vein BEGIN COURSE END RELATION TRIBUTARIES

RELATION

Important notes External carotid artery Begin: from CCA at the upper border of thyroid cartilage End: inside the parotid gland by dividing into mx. And superficial temporal arteries Branches: 1. superior thyroid artery 2. facial artery 3. Lingual artery 4. Occipital and posterior auricular arteries 5. Ascending pharyngeal artery 6. Two terminal branches

Maxillary artery Begin: from ECA inside parotid gland End: in the orbit as infraorbital artery Branches: A. of first part: middle meningeal, inferior alveolar, accessory meningeal, deep auricular and ant. Tympanic arteries B. of second part: deep temporal, ptrygoid, buccal and massteric arteries C. of third part: posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, grater and lesser palatine and sphenopalatine arteries

Important veins Internal jugular vein Begin: as contiuation of sigmoid sinus and leave skull throught jugular foramen End: join subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein Tributaries: 1. facial vein 2. Lingual vein 3. Pharyngeal vein 4. Thyroid veins