Professor Menglin Susan Jin METR 125 Physical Meteorology: Optics, Thermodynamics and Cloud Physics Lecture 1: Green-sheet and Introduction Professor Menglin Susan Jin San Jose State University, Department of Meteorology and Climate Science

Outline of today’s lecture Introduction and Welcome Discussion on the “greensheet” Learning Contract First glance on class roadmap Survey

For greensheet, class ppt notes, homework, reading materials http://www.met.sjsu.edu/~jin/METR125.htm

About Professor www.met.sjsu.edu/~jin 1. Research projects: funded by NASA, NSF, Department of Defense On land surface climate change, urbanization, remote sensing 20+ leading author papers on top journals 2. A good teacher 3.

Goal of METR125 METR125 discusses the fundamentals of Atmospheric Optics Thermodynamics Radiation Transfer Basics Cloud and Rainfall Formation Aerosol-Cloud interaction Atmospheric Electricity Broaden knowledge with Important papers Enhance student self study and team-study skills

Content (see greensheet schedule) Part 1: Atmospheric Optics Part 2: Moist Thermodynamics Part 3: Radiative Transfer (brief) Part 4: Cloud Macrophysics and Microphysics Clouds Formation Warm Cloud Cold Cloud Aerosol-cloud-rainfall interaction Part 5. Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity (if time permits)

Book and Reading: 2006 Wallace and Hobbs Atmospheric Science (Required) more materials will be assigned on webpage/homework/class

Lecture Hour: TTH 10:30 AM - 11:45 AM Place: DH615 Office Hour: Wednesday 11:00 AM -12:00 PM TH 12:30-1:20 PM Place: MSJ’s Office (DH613) METR215 I will meet with you for extra office hour whenever you need. send email for appointment.

TA No TA

Extra Help guest lecture on aerosols Departmental Seminars

Scale: 90+ A, 80’s B, 70’s C, 60’s D, <60 F Homework: 20% Midterm Exam 1: 20% Midterm Exam 2: 20% Class Participation 5% Research Project: 15% Final Exam: 20% Scale: 90+ A, 80’s B, 70’s C, 60’s D, <60 F Homework will be assigned on Tuesdays in class collected in discussions on two weeks later.

Learning Contract Instructor On time and prepared. Answers questions. Approachable and friendly. Fair with assignments and grades. Genuinely concerned about your learning and intellectual development.

Learning Contract Preserve a good classroom learning environment by Students Make every effort to arrive on time; and if late, enter class quietly. Preserve a good classroom learning environment by a) refraining from talking when other people are talking b) turning off cell phones. Be courteous to other students and the instructor. Aware that learning is primarily their responsibility. Aware of universities policy on academic integrity and pledge to abide by them at all times. Have read and understand what plagiarism is and know how to cite sources properly.

Academic Integrity Integrity of university, its courses and degrees relies on academic standards. Cheating: Copying from another’s test, cheatsheet etc. Sitting an exam by, or as, a surrogate. Submitting work for another Plagiarism: Representing the work of another as one’s own (without giving appropriate credit)

Plagiarism Judicial Affairs http://sa.sjsu.edu/judicial_affairs/index.html Look at the Student Code of Conduct Read through SJSU library site on Plagiarism http://www.sjlibrary.org/services/literacy/info_comp/plagiarism.htm http://turnitin.com/

GreenSheet (see handout) Homework turn-in on time, will be stated in the homework, in general, 1 week after the assignment Class Participation Research Project Final grade

Let’s see where this class stands in the big picture… . WH Chapter 1 .

One World

the latitude (distance from the Equator) How much radiation reaches any given spot depends on the latitude (distance from the Equator) what season it is the time of day cloudiness

Earth’s Radiation Budget - Schematic Energy Balance is the critical concept in Earth Climate Earth’s Radiation Budget - Schematic Courtesy ? PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick

Radiative Components Net short-wave radiation = short-wave down - short-wave up Net long-wave radiation = long-wave down - long-wave up Net radiation (R net) = net short-wave radiation + net long-wave radiation Positive values represent energy moving towards the surface, negative values represent energy moving away from the surface.

Atmosphere Composition and Structure

Table 1: Composition of the Atmosphere Percentage by Volume Gas Nitrogen 78.08 Oxygen 20.95 Argon 0.93 Trace Gases Carbon dioxide 0.038 Methane 0.00017 Ozone 0.000004 Chlorofluorocarbons 0.00000002 Water vapor Highly variable (0-4%)

Atmospheric Constituents: empty space molecules dust and pollutants salt particles volcanic materials cloud droplets rain drops ice crystals

Vertical Layers of the Lower Atmosphere

Pressure vs. Temperature What is physical meaning of Pressure? What is temperature?

measured in millibars (mb) Pressure in the Atmosphere Atmospheric pressure can be imagined as the weight of the overlying column of air. pressure decreases exponentially with altitude. but 80 percent of the atmosphere’s mass is contained within the 18 km closest to the surface. measured in millibars (mb) At sea level, pressure ranges from about 960 to 1,050 mb, with an average of 1,013 mb.

Temperature the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity) Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. On the microscopic scale, temperature is defined as the average energy of microscopic motions of a single particle in the system per degree of freedom. On the macroscopic scale, temperature is the unique physical property that determines the direction of heat flow between two objects placed in thermal contact. Cold temperature Warm temperature 33

Earth’s Hydrological Cycle - Schematic Evaporation, transpiration (plants) Atmospheric transport (vapor) Condensation (liquid water, ice) Precipitation Surface transport (continental rivers, aquifers and ocean currents) Courtesy ? PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick

Relevance for Remote Sensing

EOS A-train The Afternoon Train, or "A-Train", for short, is a constellation of satellites that travel one behind the other, along the same track, as they orbit Earth. Four satellites currently fly in the A-Train - Aqua, CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aura. Glory, GCOM-W1, and OCO-2 are scheduled to join the configuration in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. The A-Train satellites cross the equator within a few minutes of each other at around 1:30 p.m. local time. By combining different sets of nearly simultaneous observations from these satellites, scientists are able to study important parameters related to climate change.

“Getting Acquainted" Quiz questions Write three sentence about Quantum Physics What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics? In which layer in atmosphere can you find ozone? What does meteorology differ from climate? 37

“Getting Acquainted" Quiz answers Write three sentence about Quantum Physics Quantum physics is a branch of science that deals with discrete, indivisible units of energy called quanta as described by the Quantum Theory. There are five main ideas represented in Quantum Theory: Energy is not continuous, but comes in small but discrete units. 1 The elementary particles behave both like particles and like waves. 2 The movement of these particles is inherently random. 3 It is physically impossible to know both the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time. The more precisely one is known, the less precise the measurement of the other is.4 The atomic world is nothing like the world we live in. 5 38

Homework 1 (turn in 1/31) Read WH chapter 1 section 1.3 All examples (Exercises 1.1-1.5) in WH chapter 1