BELLWORK: BLOCK 2 What is nationalism? How did nationalism influence imperialism? How did imperialism lead to conflict between European powers? Define mobilization. THINKER: What is an alliance? Why do countries or people make alliances? What could go wrong with an alliance?

Why do countries go to war? Are there good and bad reasons? Explain!

“The Great War” “The War to End All Wars” WORLD WAR I “The Great War” “The War to End All Wars”

MAIN CAUSES OF WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

MILITARISM Militarism: building up armed forces; getting ready for war. Includes military control of the government, increased spending, and army conscription (the draft). Created a massive arms race European Military Spending 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 Year Millions of $

Militarism

ALLIANCES Alliance: agreement or promise to defend and help another country. In WWI, there were two alliances: Central Powers (Triple Alliance): Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Ottoman Empire Allied Powers (Triple Entente): Great Britain, France & Russia

Alliances

IMPERIALISM Imperialism: establishing political, economic and military dominance over weaker nations. After 1870, European powers acquired territories in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. These imperialistic rivalries led to bad relations between the powers, strengthening of alliances, and extreme hostility.

Imperialism

NATIONALISM Nationalism: devotion or loyalty to your nation. Two kinds of nationalism during WWI: Oppressed groups’ desire for independence Serbians oppressed by Austria-Hungary (Slavs) Independent nation’s desire for dominance European Empires (Austria-Hungary & Germany)

Nationalism

MAIN Causes Germany wished to build her Empire. This is known as _____________. Germany also built up her armed forces – known as _____________. Smaller countries, like the Slavic states, were under the domination of larger empires, like Austria-Hungary, which created a desire for independence, or _____________. As Britain had the most powerful navy, she was worried about other countries building up their armed forces. We could call this a worry about _____________. In order to ease her worry, Britain made an _____________ with France, or an agreement to help defend. Countries in Europe were very proud of themselves, and would defend their country as best as possible. This is known as ____________________.

In your opinion, which of the four causes had the biggest impact on starting WWI?

Slavic Nationalism: page 515

BELLWORK: 3/24 Describe the two types of nationalism pre-WWI (include an example country for both!) Explain the two alliances of WWI. What was the Black Hand? What was their goal? How did Germany get involved in the conflict? What did they do to trigger British involvement? THINKER: Even though the event that triggered WWI was in the Balkans, it eventually caused 60 countries to declare war! Why? Why was this conflict impossible to contain? ***Once you are finished, complete the Slavic Nationalism section of the wkst!

Slavic Nationalism: page 515

Outbreak of War The four MAIN causes had been building for 30-40 years, but there was one direct event that pushed Europe into war……. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914.

The Black Hand By 1914 there were around 2,500 members of the Black Hand. The group was mainly made up of junior army officers but also included lawyers, journalists and university professors. Their goal??? BREAK FREE FROM AUSTRIA-HUNGARY! INDEPENDENCE FOR THE SLAVS!

Name Sentence Gavrilo Princip Life in prison Nedjelko Čabrinović 20 years Trifun Grabež Vaso Čubrilović 16 years Cvjetko Popović 13 years Lazar Đukić 10 years Danilo Ilić Death by hanging (executed 3 February 1915) Veljko Čubrilović Nedjo Kerović Death by hanging; commuted to 20 years in prison by Kaiser Franz-Joseph based on Finance Minister's recommendation Mihaijlo Jovanović Jakov Milović Death by hanging; commuted to life in prison by Kaiser Franz-Joseph based on court's and Finance Minister's recommendation Mitar Kerović Ivo Kranjcević Branko Zagorac 3 years Marko Perin Cvijan Stjepanović 7 years

Princip Bridge: sight of Archduke Ferdinand’s assassination

REVIEW: Outbreak of War 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WORLD WAR I

Outbreak of War – Chain Reaction Assassination of Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist. Austria-Hungary mobilizes against Serbia, with German support Russia mobilizes because of their alliance with Serbia Germany joins in response to Russia German forces sent into Belgium France and Britain mobilize against the Central Powers

Fighting world war i Mind map notes on important events, new weapons & fighting conditions

Important Events of WWI Read pages 520-524 and complete the “important events” section of your mind map notes. For each event include a description and the outcome! Schlieffen Plan Marne Tannenberg Verdun Eastern Front

The Schlieffen Plan What was the goal of the Schlieffen Plan? You are now going to read about the “opening move” of WWI on pages 520-521. Answer the following questions IN YOUR NOTES! What was the goal of the Schlieffen Plan? List three problems the Germans ran into with the Schlieffen Plan. How did the British and French respond to Germany’s invasion?

Trench Warfare Both sides would dig elaborate trenches facing each other. Result would be a stalemate situation- both sides stuck, neither able to attack because the other can defend so well. Men would charge across open fields rushing to the opposing side & be cut down with machine gun fire.

Trench Foot

Trench Rats Men killed in the trenches were buried where they fell. Large numbers of decomposing bodies filled up the trenches This attracted rats Rats were carriers of diseases, like malaria and influenza.

Diseases and Sanitation No proper system of waste disposal Soldiers would use tins to deposit waste and throw them over the trench. This lack of sanitation caused disease to spread rapidly.

Shellshock Also known as Combat Stress Reaction (CSR) In WWI, shell shock was considered a psychiatric illness resulting from injury to the nerves during combat The horrors of trench warfare meant that about 10% of the fighting soldiers were killed and the total proportion of troops who became casualties (killed or wounded) was 56%.

New weapons in WWI Tanks Machine Guns Mortars (shot a shell in a high arc over a relatively short distance) Flamethrowers Helmets Barbed Wire Mustard Gas

MUSTARD GAS

REVIEW Why were the first two years of WWI a stalemate? Describe the conditions in the trenches. How do you think the U.S. responds to WWI? What were the two alliances of WWI?