Chapter 3 Becoming a fair- minded Thinker By: Nouf AlQAhtani, Bayan Alnafisi

introduction Critical thinking involves basic intellectual skills, but these skills can be used to serve two incompatible ends: self-centeredness or fair-mindedness. Weak sense of critical thinking always miss the certain important higher-level skills and values of critical thinking because people usually in this point see mistakes in other's thinking without being able to credit the strength in those opposing views. Strong sense critical thinking strives to be fair-minded, they use thinking responsible manner.

Tips of good fair-minded critical thinker Avoid using our skills to gain unfair advantage over others Avoid using our thinking to get what we want at the expense of the rights and needs of others. We treat all thinking by the same high-standards We expect good reasoning from those who support us as well as those who oppose us. We subject our own reasoning to the same criteria we apply to reasoning to which we are unsympathetic. We question our own purpose, evidence, conclusions, implications, and all points of view with the same vigor that we question those of others.

Habits that lead to Disciplined self-command Traits of the disciplined mind Intellectual integrity Intellectual humility Intellectual sense of justice Intellectual perseverance Intellectual fair-mindedness Intellectual confidence in reason Intellectual courage Intellectual empathy Intellectual autonomy

Intellectual humility: defined as having a consciousness of the limits of one’s knowledge, including a sensitivity to circumstance in which one’s native egocentrism is likely to function self-deceptively. Intellectual courage: defined as having a consciousness of the need to face and fairly address ideas, beliefs, or viewpoints toward which one has not giving a serious hearing. intellectual Empathy: Having a consciousness of the need to imaginatively put oneself in the place of others in order to genuinely understand them

Intellectual Integrity: Recognition of the need to be true to one's own thinking; to be consistent in the intellectual standards one applies; to hold one's self to the same rigorous standards of evidence and proof to which one holds one's antagonists.  intellectual Perseverance: Having a consciousness of the need to use intellectual insights and truths in spite of difficulties, obstacles, and frustrations; firm adherence to rational principles despite the irrational opposition of others. Intellectual of Fair-mindedness: Having a consciousness of the need to treat all viewpoints alike, without reference to one's own feelings or vested interests.

Intellectual confidence in reasoning: Confidence that, in the long run, one's own higher interests and those of humankind at large will be best served by giving the freest play to reason, by encouraging people to come to their own conclusions or by developing their own rational faculties. Intellectual autonomy: may be defined as internal motivation based on the ideal of thinking for oneself; having rational self-authorship of one's beliefs, values, and way of thinking, not being dependent on others for direction and control of one’s thinking.

Intellectual hypocrisy Intellectual arrogance Intellectual unfairness Traits of the undisciplined mind Intellectual hypocrisy Intellectual arrogance Intellectual unfairness Intellectual laziness Intellectual disregard for justice Intellectual distrust of reason Intellectual cowardice Intellectual self-centeredness Intellectual conformity

Conclusion As humans we think; as critical thinkers we analyze our thinking As humans we think egocentrically; as critical thinkers we expose the egocentric roots of our thinking to close scrutiny. As humans we live with the illusion of intellectual and emotion freedom; as critical thinkers we take explicit intellectual and emotional command of who we are, what we are, and the ends to which our lives are tending. As human thinkers we are governed by our thoughts; as critical thinkers we learn how to govern the thoughts that govern us.

The end