CLASS 33.

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Presentation transcript:

CLASS 33

HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY Imagine that I release a large quantity of cold virus into the ventilation system of the room, enough to guarantee that everyone in this room is exposed to the virus. Not everyone will develop symptoms – why not? Discuss each of these briefly, in terms of the their effects on the immune system in handling infections.

THEMES Physical health influenced by psychological health IF SO: Suggests possible prevention rather than fixing the problem afterward STRATEGIES: Avoid causes or manage emotions Imagine that I release a large quantity of cold virus into the ventilation system of the room, enough to guarantee that everyone in this room is exposed to the virus. Not everyone will develop symptoms – why not? Discuss each of these briefly, in terms of the their effects on the immune system in handling infections.

HISTORY Psycho-somatic effects Behavioral medicine Health Psychology

STRESS - HEALTH CYCLE

Why do people get sick? BIOMEDICAL MODEL Exposure to pathogens Immune response is insufficient Introduce the biomedical model as an extension of the biomedical definition of health given earlier. Modern medicine has looked to two explanations for disease: exposure to infectious agents, i.e. tuberculosis, and changes in physical systems, such as the changes to blood vessels that increase risk for heart disease. Move into thought experiment…..(next slide)

STRESS

Stress and health outcomes Acute stress Chronic stress Physical problems Psychological problems

Sequence leading to physical problems Stressful event Cognitive appraisal (interpretation ) Physical activation (eg endocrine system) Health problems

Mechanism CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASE

Sequence leading to psychological problems Stressful event Cognitive appraisal (interpretation ) Adjustment disorder (mild) PTSD (serious)

Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome PTSD PTSD

Coping can help psychological outcome war, rape, work in E.R. REAPPRAISAL Reframing of event to provide a more adaptive meaning STRESS REDUCTION Relaxation Social support

Research Methods

Problems Ethics of experiments Design problems Physical intervention Financial inducement Design problems e.g., social support studies Correlation vs. causation

New methods Cold studies Induce a cold Examine effects of stress, social support, etc

“Hickey” studies Induce a welt Examine care giver stress

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

Type A personality Self-induced stress Work-a-holic, Impatient Therefore, curable Work-a-holic, Impatient Actually two of the Big Five (agreeableness; neuroticism)

Neuroticism Vulnerability to stress biological psychological (rumination) Situational : neurotics get themselves into trouble

Disagreeableness Grouchiness damages immune system Self-induced conflict: fights cause stress

Conscientiousness Health Better self-care Better medical care Adds 7.5 years to lifespan Better self-care Better medical care more contact careful compliance

Controllable factors: SUMMARY OF PREVENTION Controllable factors: AVOIDANCE Reduce needless stress Positive health behaviors (sleep, nutrition, relaxation) MANAGEMENT Coping strategies: Stress/emotions Social support

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