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Sub-Sahara Africa

Landforms

Rumenzori Mountains

“Mountains of the Moon” Permanent snow capped peaks Located border of Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo Cloud coverage at the tops of the mountains is created by moist air

Escarpment

Definition Steep cliff Usually line the coast line

Drakensberg Range

Drakensberg Escarpment “The Dragon Mountain” Located between Lesotho and South Africa Peak- 11,420 ft asl

Mount Kenya

2nd highest mountain in Africa Located in Kenya Peak 17,057 ft asl Runoff from Mount Kenya provides water and electricity for over 2 million people Inactive Volcano

Mount Kilimanjaro

Highest freestanding mountain in the world 19,341 ft asl “White Mountain” Highest peak in Africa Highest freestanding mountain in the world 19,341 ft asl Inactive Volcano Located in Tanzania

Great Rift Valley

Continuous trench 3,700 miles long Extends from Mozambique (Africa) to Syria (Southwest Asia) Created by shifting and spreading plates (earthquakes common)

Bodies of Water

Lake Victoria

Africa’s largest lake 3rd largest freshwater lake in world Located Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya Feeds the White Nile River Pollution caused from discharge of raw sewage, industrial waste, and farm fertilizers

“Large expanse of water” Located Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon Provides water to more than 20 million people “Shrinking lake” labeled a ecological catastrophe (Shrank up to 95% in 1998) Drought, Landlocked, Population increases

Lake Volta

Ghana’s Lake Provides hydroelectricity to Ghana Largest man-made lake (reservoir) in world Supplies irrigation and fish

“Great River” 3rd longest river in Africa Empties into the Atlantic Ocean- Niger Delta

Victoria Falls Zambezi River

Zambezi River 4th largest river in Africa Mouth- Zambezi Delta at the Indian Ocean Large populations of hippos and crocodiles

Victoria Falls Located on the Zambezi River on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia 360 foot drop Located on a plateau

Congo (Zaire) River

2nd longest river in Africa- 2,922 miles Flows through the 2nd largest rainforest in the world Provides transportation for the lands without roads

River is a natural boundary between South Africa & Namibia and South Africa & Lesotho Provides hydroelectricity and irrigation for South Africa

Natural Resources

Agriculture ¾ of African Farmers practice Subsistence Agriculture Large farms grow Cash Crops- coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber Cash Crops used for exports so if there is a bad harvest there is no food to feed the citizens 70% employment Produce less today, despite population tripling in size. Due to drought and bad soil conditions.

"Black Gold"

Nigeria has the largest reserves of petroleum Employs ~2 million people Profits go to large corporations or governments Natural Resources have been detrimental to economies Example- Congo has a vast amount of resources but it is one of the poorest countries in the world. (LEDC)

Gold and Diamonds

Botswana- largest producers of diamonds in the world USA- largest consumers of diamonds in the world 20% of diamonds are sold illegally South Africa has ½ the worlds gold

Solar Power

Climate Sahel and Horn of Africa- Yellow Tropical Savannah- Light Green Tropical Rainforest- Dark Green Mediterranean- Olive Arid- Orange Climate

Tropical Rainforest

Tropical Rain Forest The majority of Africa lies between 23 ½ North and South Covers 3.6 million square miles Average rainfall- 60 inches/year Agriculture- coffee, bananas, pineapples, cocoa, tea Cash Crops for exports- palm trees, rubber, timber Rainforest is threatened by logging, deforestation and population growth

Savanna

Tropical Savanna (Grasslands) Covers 50% of the continent Rainfall- 20-35 inches/year Serengeti National Park located in the Savanna

Serengeti National Park “Endless Plain” 5700 square miles Located on the Tanzania/Kenya border Human are forbid to live in park Top 6 hunted animals located here Lion, Leopard, Elephant, Black Rhino, African Buffalo, Cheetah

Serengeti National Park

Steppe

Steppe “Southern Coast of the Sahara” Rainfall 4-8 inches/year Natural boundary between North Africa and Sub-Sahara Africa Desertification- productive land turns into desert or arid land following the destruction of vegetation Sahel- “shore” or “edge”

The Sahel

Arid or Desert

Arid Rainfall- less than 10 inches/year Average Temperature- 120-50 degrees F Three major deserts in Sub Sahara Africa Namib Desert- Located in Namibia Nubian Desert- Located in Sudan Kalahari Desert- Located in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa

Namib Desert

Aerial View Of Nubian Desert

Kalahari Desert

Language Religion Education CULTURE Healthcare Population Urbanization

Africa is made up from 3 cultures African European Islamic

Population 1 billion people Highest death and birth rates in world 34 of the 53 countries are the world’s least developed Most Populated Country- Nigeria- 148 million people

Niger

Population Density Uneven

Healthcare 25% of Africans have proper sanitation #1 killer- Malaria- mosquito born infectious disease 85-90% of deaths occur Children and Pregnant women most vulnerable #2 killer-AIDS

AIDS 70% of worlds AIDS population in Sub Africa Caused most countries Life Expectancies to decline 12 million children orphaned from AIDS Southern Africa most affected- 6 out of 11 countries 20% of population infected Swaziland- 50% of population in 20’s are infected

Sanitation Malaria AIDS

Malaria

Can mosquitoes spread HIV?

Urbanization 30% of population

Arabic in Northern Africa 800 different languages Arabic in Northern Africa Swahili in Southern Africa

World Religions Muslim- Green Christian- Red

Largest- Christianity 2nd- Islam Animist popular among tribes

60% Literacy of Sub Sahara Africa Education 60% Literacy of Sub Sahara Africa

Sorghum Staple Crop Berries