World War II (1942-1945).

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Presentation transcript:

World War II (1942-1945)

Mobilizing the Military Selective Service Act 5 million volunteers 10 million drafted Only 8 weeks of training Expanding the Military George Marshall: US Army Chief of Staff Created WAAC (Women’s Air Corps) Segregated units for minorities

Industrial Changes War Productions Board: consumer products to military products New workers: women and minorities (Rosie the Riveter) Office of Scientific Research and Development Radar, sonar, DDT, Manhattan Project

Opportunity and Adjustment Economic gains (unemployment at 1.2%) Women- 35% of workforce Farmers- able to pay off debts Population shifts (California, Midwest) Families Single parent homes Teenage delinquency Quick marriages GI Bill of Rights: education and training for veterans

Discrimination Discrimination CORE (Congress on Racial Equality) James Farmer Detroit Riots (34 dead) Mexican Americans Zoot suit riots Japanese Americans Internment Camps: 110,000 people Korematsu v US: gov’t upheld policy

US & Great Britain join forces FDR & Churchill’s plans Decided to focus on Germany first Would accept only unconditional surrender Battle of the Atlantic Germany attacking US ships off east coast US enhanced ship building program

Eastern Front German troops attacking USSR German troops couldn’t continue during winter USSR held onto Stalingrad and Germany retreated Considered a turning point of war http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd_Wt4N1Sss

North Africa Operation Torch Led by General Eisenhower US pushed Germany/Italy north Casablanca Conference: planning of D-Day

Italy Allies captured Sicily & headed towards Italy Italians tired of war; forced Mussolini to resign; King of Italy had him arrested German’s took Italy and released Mussolini Allies freed Italy after 1 year of fighting; Italians arrested/killed Mussolini

D-Day D-Day (June 6, 1944) Largest amphibious invasion in history Allies attacked Normandy, France Led by Eisenhower and Patton Sept: Allies freed France from Germany http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31nt2fsMORU

Battle of the Bulge Oct. 1944 Last major battle with Germany Allies won

The End (Europe) Liberation of concentration camps FDR died on April 12, 1945 Germany surrendered April 25, 1945: USSR in Berlin April 30, 1945: Hitler committed suicide May 8, 1945: V-E day (Victory in Europe)

Pacific Japan advances Conquered most of Pacific by 1942 Defeated Gen. MacArthur in the Philippines

First Actions Bombed Tokyo Battle of Coral Sea (stopped Japan from attacking Australia)

Battle of Midway Stopped Japan from advancing to Hawaii US Admiral: Chester Nimitz US victory; the avenging of Pearl Harbor Considered the turning point in the Pacific

Military Strategy Island Hopping US bypassed Japanese strong islands Freed the Philippines Leyte Gulf: use of kamikazes Last battles: Iwo Jima and Okinawa

The End (Pacific) Manhatten project had already begun Secret creation of the bomb Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer 7-16-45: bomb tested in New Mexico Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 6, 1945 & August 9, 1945 (200,000 killed) Sept 2, 1945: Japan surrendered http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwkyPvlWPM0

Rebuilding (Europe/Japan) Yalta Conference: agreed to establish UN Nuremburg war trials: Nazi leaders on trial Occupation of Japan Led by MacArthur Focused on economy, government, education