NuScale Generator A Practical Energy Alternative for the Future By: Dylan Karas & Michael Stephenson

Nuclear Energy and its Role in Society “Energy crisis” due to increasing energy demands Nuclear energy still does not play a huge role in energy production Low fuel cost, on-site fuel storage, no greenhouse gas emission

Nuclear Fission Enriched uranium-235 is used in most reactors A coolant is used to transfer heat from the reactor core 1 kg of uranium can produce 3 million times more energy than 1 kg of coal

Pressurized Water Reactor Classification of reactor based on coolant Safe, proven technology Pressurized water used within the reactor core Model for new generation of small modular reactors

Small Modular Reactors Produce less than 300 Mwe Modular Design Passive Safety Still in design stages

NuScale Power Module Uranium-235 used in the reactor core Helical Coil Steam Generator features 2 loops of coolant Secondary coolant acts as the working fluid in the thermodynamic cycle Outlet for steam and inlet for feedwater

NuScale Power Plant

Application of the NuScale Module Standard thermodynamic cycle 160 thermal megawatt core 45 megawatts of electricity Plant output based on number of modules Multi unit plants can still produce electricity during refueling Desalination Heat for industrial processes

Emphasis on Safety Overall Reactor Safety Improved ECCS (pictured) Position Concrete Support Improved ECCS (pictured) Allows for long term heat removal Reactor Recirculation Valves Small Volume Design Accident Initiators Flexibility

Ethical Concerns Negative Effects US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Three Mile Island (1979) Chernobyl (1986) Fukushima (2011) Negative Effects Environment, Health, Financial Problems US Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1 accident every per 100 years for a fleet of 100 reactors

Economic Advantages Small Volume Design Mass Production Lead Times Variable Expenses Mass Production Transport to Site Only an Estimation

Economic Advantages, etc. Country Nuclear Coal Gas CCGT Onshore Wind Belgium 6.1 8.2 9.0 9.6 Czech R 7.0 8.5-9.4 9.2 14.6 France 5.6 - Germany 5.0 7.0-7.9 8.5 10.6 Hungary Japan 8.8 10.5 Korea 2.9-3.3 6.6-6.8 9.1 Netherlands 6.3 7.8 8.6 Slovakia 12.0 Switzerland 5.5-7.8 9.4 16.3 USA 4.9 7.2-7.5 7.7 4.8 China 3.0-3.6 5.5 5.1-8.9 Russia 4.3 7.5 7.1 EPRI (USA) 7.2 7.9 6.2 Eurelectric 6.0 6.3-7.4 11.3 Fossil Fuels Cost Comparison Table (pictured) World Nuclear Association Data in kW/h No Initial Costs

Environmental Impact Greenhouse Gas Effect Low-Carbon Technology

Environmental Impact, etc. PM10 Particles Size Health Concerns

Viable Energy for the Future Nuclear energy will play a critical role in the years to come Small Modular Reactors are emerging as a future source of energy NuScale’s model is a very realistic and practical model for the future The applications of SMRs provide versatility Environmental impact, ethical concerns, and economics will determine the role that SMRs have in the future

Questions, Comments, Concerns We would like to thank the Swanson School of Engineering for their time and dedication We would also like to thank our chair James E. Hayes as well as our co-chair Caroline Repola