The Muscular System PART A-C 37 slides 2 hours & 15 min

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM-- ppt AB I. OVERVIEW II. MUSCLE ANATOMY III. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY Types Muscles Gross Overview Tissue Review Microscopic Contraction Details Functions Nervous System Whole Muscle Cell Characteristics Energy for Contract. Muscle Tone Types of Contraction Effect of Exercise IV. BODY MOVEMENTS V. SPECIFIC MUSCLES VI. INJECTION Rules Head & Neck SITES Muscle Movements Trunk & Arm Lower Limb ppt C

I. Overview of Muscle Tissues The Muscular System I. Overview of Muscle Tissues A. Myo, mys, & sarco  muscle B. *Fiber = C. *3 Types D. *Review

E. *Skeletal Muscle Functions 1. 2. 3. 4.

F. Skeletal Muscle Cell Characteristics Excitability: Contractility: Extensibility: Elasticity: recoil

II. Skeletal Muscle Anatomy A. Gross Anatomy 1. Connective Tissue Cells & muscles are surrounded and bundled by 2. Attachments to Bones: *Tendons *Aponeuroses

B. Microscopic Anatomy 1. Fibers = 2. Sarcolemma: 3. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 4. Myofibrils: a. Striations b. Proteins = Myosin & Actin: Segment of a Fiber ACTIN MYOSIN Segment of a Myofibril

C. Nervous System Basics 1. Neuron parts a. Cell Body b. Dendrites c. Axon Axon Terminals Synaptic Vesicles Neurotransmitters - Acetylcholine Axon Terminals Cell body Motor Neurons: send messages to muscles Axon Dendrites

2. Nerve Message = Action Potentials a. Ion movement across cell membrane b. Ions: Na+ and K+ 3. Transferring message to next cell: - Synaptic Cleft 4. Motor Unit Axon of Motor Neuron Terminal Muscle Fiber Neuromuscular Junction Neurotransmitters

III. Muscle Physiology– Contraction A. Overview– Sliding Filament Theory Motor Neuron sends Action Potential Calcium enters Myofibrils Myosin and Actin slide shortening Myofibrils Fibers shorten  muscle shortens = contraction Ca Ca Ca Piece of Myofibril Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca

B. Fiber Contraction Steps: Microscopic Details 1. Motor Neuron  Action Potential - to Neuromuscular junctions of fibers in Motor Unit 2. Acetylcholine is released and diffuses to fiber 3. Acetylcholine attaches to fibers

5. Calcium enters myofibrils 4. Action Potential triggered in each Fiber & spreads out to all parts of fibers 5. Calcium enters myofibrils Neurotransmitters Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Figure 6.6

6. Actin and Myosin slide towards eachother 7. Myofibrils: Segments shorten  myofibrils shorten 8. Fibers of Motor Unit shorten 9. Muscle contracts via shortening

C. Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole a. Motor Unit: Review A muscle has many different motor units b. Size and Location of Muscle: Small Large c. Force of contraction: number of motor units activated in a muscle More = stronger contract.

D. Energy for Muscle Contraction = ATP 1. Quick Stored Energy: ATP & Creatine Phosphate 2. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Organelle: Gas Required: Exhale: Speed: Fat can be used Efficiency: 36 ATP per 1 Glucose FAT Glucose + O2  CO2 & H2O & ATP

Energy for Muscle Contraction … 3. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION = Anaerobic glycolysis O2 not used Speed: Efficiency: 2 ATP per glucose Problem: Lactic acid Oxygen Debt Cardiac Muscle cannot do Figure 6.10c

E. Muscle Tone = Different fibers at different times involuntary control

F. Types of Muscle Contractions--Students Do 1. Isotonic vs. Isometric Isotonic Isometric Iso = same Tone = contraction Metric = length Isotonic Isometric

F. Effect of Exercise on Muscles TYPES: Aerobic Heart Muscle endurance and flexibility Resistance Size Strength

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM-- ppt AB I. OVERVIEW II. MUSCLE ANATOMY III. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY Types Muscles Gross Overview Tissue Review Microscopic Contraction Details Functions Nervous System Whole Muscle Cell Characteristics Energy for Contract. Muscle Tone Types of Contraction Effect of Exercise IV. BODY MOVEMENTS V. SPECIFIC MUSCLES VI. INJECTION Rules Head & Neck SITES Muscle Movements Trunk & Arm Lower Limb ppt C

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