WEALTH ACCUMULATION and HEALTH EXPERIENCE FROM 1619 TO 2016

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WEALTH ACCUMULATION and HEALTH EXPERIENCE FROM 1619 TO 2016 TIME SPAN CITIZENSHIP STATUS -YRS Experience accounts for this proportion of time in US STATUS HEALTH & HEALTH SYSTEM EXPERIENCE/TRAUMA 1619-1865 246 years 62% Chattel slavery Disparate/inequitable treatment poor health status & outcomes. “Slave health deficit” & “Slave health sub-system” in effect 1865-1965 100 years 25% Jim Crow Virtually no citizenship rights Absent or inferior treatment and facilities. De jure segregation/ discrimination in South, de facto throughout most of health system. “Slave health deficit” uncorrected 1965-2016 51 years 13% Most citizenship rights: USA struggles to transition from segregation & discrimination to integration of AA as equal Citizens The struggle continues So. med school desegregation 1948. Imhotep Hospital Integration Conf. 1957-1964, hospital desegregation in federal courts 1964. Disparate health status, outcomes, and services with apartheid, discrimination, institutional racism and bias in effect. TOTAL 397years 100% HEALTH DISPARITIES/ INEQUITIES/ AFRICAN AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP STATUS WEALTH ACCUMULATION and HEALTH EXPERIENCE FROM 1619 TO 2016 Source: Byrd, WM, Clayton, LA. An American Health Dilemma, Volume 1, A Medical History of African Americans and the Problem of Race: Beginnings to 1900, New York, NY: Routledge. 2000. Data Updated:2017 Black Health Coalition of Wisconsin, Inc.