Pablo Neruda IO #1 Rollins (period 3)

Early years (1) Ricardo Eliecer Neftali Reyes Basoalto was born in Parral, Chile. His mother, Rosa Basoalto, a school teacher, died soon after his birth. After his mother's death, Neftali and his father, José del Carmen Reyes Morales, moved to Temuca, Chile, a small South Chilean town. Neftali’s father was a railway worker. Soon after the move, Neftali’s father remarried to woman with whom he previously had a child with, and Neruda is known to have a fairly close relationship with his stepmom.

Social class (1) His mother was a teacher and his father worked for the railroad. Pablo Neruda was born into the middle class. He rose to the upper middle class after his consulship in Spain.

Why Pablo Neruda? (2) Neftali’s father disapproved of his literary career. To escape this, Neftali took up the pseudonym Pablo Neruda. It is believed this pen name may have also been a tribute to the Czechoslovak poet, Jan Neruda. A local head teacher and Nobel Prize Winner named Gabriela Minstral provided him the support he needed allowing his career to flourish from a young age.

Early Works (2) 1917- Neftali published an essay, "Entusiasmo y perseverancia"(Enthusiasm and Perseverance) in the local newspaper La Mañana at age 13. 1918 to 1920- Neruda published numerous poems and essays in local magazines as Neftalí Reyes. In 1919, he participated and won in a local literary competition.

Criollismo (3) Before modernismo: From 19th century to the 20th century Criollismo was essentially what American regionalism was for the US for latin America. Authors wrote about their native cultures, customs and manners, especially of the lower class. They used realist techniques, didn’t romanticize. Criollismo in Chile dealt with incorporating the rural world in the formation of national identity.

Modernismo Foundations (3) Latin American literary movement that emerged during the 19th and 20th century, essentially the modernism movement in latin america. Started by the poet Ruben Dario and a turning point was when he published his book, Azul, in 1888. Stemmed from a reaction towards against literary naturalism as well as the conformity of western society and the bourgeois.

Modernismo Elements (3) Modernismo had no set of principles or a manifesto. Free verse, sensuous imagery to express their own highly individualistic spiritual viewpoints. They were influenced by the French parnassians and used daring metaphors and meters that were complex and innovative.

Pablo Neruda and Modernismo (3) Scholars agree that Neruda was heavily influenced by the modernismo movement. Much of Neruda’s early career falls under modernismo. His poetry anthology Crepusculario, published in 1923 has good examples of the elements of modernism.

Pablo Neruda & his poetry (3) Pablo wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, overtly political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and passionate love poems such as the ones in his collection Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924). He often wrote in green ink, which was his personal symbol for desire and hope.

Poetry Style (Continued) (3) Love marriage with Matilde Urrutia inspiration for love poems such as Twenty Love Poems Material loneliness and depression and exile Residencia en la tierra Epic celebrates Latin America and communism Canto General Commonplace Celebrates his own happiness Odas Elementales

Poetry Style (3) Very diverse poetic style Heavy imagery and symbolism Uses personification and hyperbole to express emotions Started as very political Tone became darker during his exile Began to glorify himself after his return

Odes (4) a type of lyrical stanza that praises and glorifies an event or individual Pindaric-follows the form and style of Pindar. invocation to a place or goddess praise of a victor myth and eulogy Horatian-Horatian odes follow conventions of Horace imitates Greek lyricists contemplative 2-4 line stanza Irregular poet can experiment with structure and rhyme

Ode to Bread (4) Bread, you rise from flour, water and fire. Dense or light, flattened or round, you duplicate the mother's rounded womb, and earth's twice-yearly swelling. How simple you are, bread, and how profound!

Neruda’s Usage of Odes (4) To celebrate both politics and superficial topics Communist Influence He wrote an ode to communist leaders such as Stalin, Castro and Batista. "Canto a Stalingrado", "Saludo a Batista" Idealist interpretation Personal Influence Favorable political and economic situations Poetic output in 1950s was stimulated by fame and personal happiness Wrote about superficial objects in Odas Elementales “Ode to the Onion”, “Ode to the Tomato”, “Ode to the Cat”

Religion and Neruda’s Poem (5) Religion in the East I’m Explaining a Few Things And How long? A Soldier Sleeps My Dog has Died Neruda was an atheist. He used negative diction in regards to all gods, and thought gods were unreliable in times of need. To him, religion was dressed up, sold, and imposed on people.

how were his poems political (5) Some of the biggest influences in his life, communism, fidel castro, stalin, etc, greatly made some of his earlier works political. He praised communism while also denouncing the conservative “democratic” agenda of Chile. He especially appreciated the idealist themes of Marxism, which reflected heavily in poems such as “Canto a Stalingrado.” Chile, at the time, was controlled by an oppressive democratic government, that often violently repressed communist events and demonstrations.

Neruda as a Diplomat (6) Pablo Neruda led a life as a poet and a politician. 1927, started his career as a diplomat in the Latin American tradition of honoring the poets by giving them diplomatic mission. He served in Burma, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Argentina, Spain, and France. Neruda’s poem gained more popularity while he was serving as a diplomat, reflecting his political views and appreciation for communism. He eventually became a communist senator, and joined the Communist Party of Chile in 1945.

Communism and miners (7) Senator Neruda, at the time, supported unions and workers parties, including a Communist led Miner Strike in 1947, the support of which eventually led to his exile. Threats of arrest for supporting such unions and strikes forced Neruda into exile for two years, which allowed him to process and truly adapt his poetry.

Neruda’s Exile 1949~1952 (8) Previous to his exile, Neruda was in Valdivia as a senator. However, due to his Communist beliefs he was chased out of Chile. He fled to Buenos Aires. He wrote poems such as “Canto General” (1950) based on his experiences during the exile. A majority of his time was spent traveling to Europe and Latin America using his friend’s passport. Neruda became sick during the exile. He soon developed a love affair with his nurse who soon became his muse. In 1952, Neruda returned to Chile when the government of Gonzales Vileda became weak, and intellectuals and politicians began poet’s movement to support him.

Nobel Prize for Literature (1971) (9) Neruda won the Nobel Prize for “for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams.” He accepted the award in Stockholm Karl Ragnar Gierow of Swedish Academy presented the award to Neruda. He said Neruda was chosen “According to Nobel's will”, for his work in leading the populace in "an ideal direction". In his acceptance speech Neruda praises the worker, and subtly hints at his forever support for communism. He also praises “the journey”, which can be seen as a metaphor for life, and all its fruits ripe for the picking.

Death/Importance of Neruda (10) Neruda dies on Sept 23rd, 1973 Pablo Neruda was important for his political views/ positions in his poetry. Not only was it beautiful but it discussed the problems he witnessed in Chile and the civil strife in Spain. He was called the poet of the people. Some may remember Neruda through the movie Il postino or as a nobel prize winner but he really was a man who devoted his life speaking up for the people. He is remembered as a poet of the Chilean people.

Works Cited "Biography of Pablo Neruda." ChileCulture.org. Chile Culture, n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2015. Echevarria, Roberto. "Pablo Neruda." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015. "El Criollismo." Memoria Chilena. Biblioteca Nacional De Chile, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015. "Modernismo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 02 Nov. 2015 Neruda, Pablo. "Ode to Bread." All the Odes. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013. N. pag. Print. "Pablo Neruda - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 2 Nov 2015. "Pablo Neruda." Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015.