2 families: - Molossidae - Vespertilionidae Chiroptera 2 families: - Molossidae - Vespertilionidae

Bat Anatomy

CALCAR The calcar, also known as the calcaneum, is the name given to a spur of cartilage arising from inner side of ankle and running along part of outer interfemoral membrane in bats, This is to help spread the interfemoral membrane, which is part of the wing membrane between the tail and the hind legs. This membrane can form a basket or pouch to help catch and hold insects captured in flight. The oldest known ancestor to present day bats, Icaronycteris index, apparently did not have a calcar or spur as evidenced by fossil remains.

TRAGUS SHAPE

Molossidae Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida braziliensis) Tail extends beyond uropatagium

Vespertilionidae Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis) Short, Rounded Ears Beautiful Red Fur (females duller) Uropatagium well furred

Vespertilionidae Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus) *Not Required Fur is 4-banded, heavily frosted Nose and ears black Yellow fur around Face Uropatagium well furred

Vespertilionidae Eastern Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) Face and Ears pinkish brown Tragus broad at base Fur Tricolor – roots dark, tips buffy Calcar Unkeeled

Vespertilionidae Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) Facial Skin and Ears Blackish Fur dark but can be light brown Tragus blunt and slightly curved Calcar Keeled, tail extends beyond uropatagium

Vespertilionidae Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) Fur on back glossy, yellow-brown Belly buff yellow Tragus straight, narrow, not sharply pointed *Calcar unkeeled *Hair on toes extend beyond claws

Vespertilionidae Indiana Myotis (Myotis sodalis) Fur on back dull, brown or gray-brown Belly buffy *Skin around eyes pinkish *Tragus narrow, not sharply pointed *Calcar slightly keeled *Toes sparsly haired

Vespertilionidae Keen’s Myotis (Myotis keenii)* Typical Myotis Very long ears and tragus Tragus pointed

Vespertilionidae Gray Myotis (Myotis grisescens)* Fur short and same grayish color from root to tip Medium sized ears; long, pointed tragus Plagiopatagium attaches to ankle Large Feet

Vespertilionidae Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii)* Golden brown fur, Black mask and ears Small Foot, Keeled Calcar

Vespertilionidae Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)* Black hair that is frosted with silver Black face and ears Hair on uropatagium Pale patch at base of ears

Vespertilionidae Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis)* Short/Blunt and slightly curved tragus Calcar not keeled Legs short and stocky Small Eptesicus -One upper incisor

Vespertilionidae Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat (Plecotus rafinesquii)* Huge ears Fleshy lumps on each side of the snout Fur gray on dorsal, white on ventral side