Early Industrial Revolution Mr. Meester AP European History Pages: 493- 504

The Agricultural Revolution Traditionally life revolved around maintaining a stable food supply Significant problems occurred when this wasn’t the case The price of bread rose steadily during the 18th century Bad for peasants Good landlords Leads to Revolution

New Innovations New innovations began in the Low Countries during Dutch Golden Age These innovations gained fame in England which continued the process in the 1700s Jethro Tull, Charles Townsend, Robert Bakewell Enclosure replaces the Open-Field method of farming Large land owners used acts of Parliament to fence (enclose) common lands Disrupted traditional farming methods Had huge social and economic consequences In Eastern Europe there was little improvement due to a variety of reasons

Population Rises Europe saw a population explosion in the 1700s Nearly doubled during the century There were several causes for this increase NOT IMPROVED MEDICINE Traditional modes of living and working had to be revised Social, Economic, and & Political impact

The Start of Industrialization Industrialization began around the middle of the 1700s This caused sustained economic growth throughout the coming centuries Results had considerable social and environmental costs but a huge economic benefit

Consumption Revolution Demand for goods increased greatly at the start of the IR People began to have more disposable income to purchase goods Entrepreneurs began using marketing and advertising Publications made the public aware of the newest and most advance items

Britain Leads the Way Several factors lead to the Industrial Revolution starting in Great Britain They were a leader in the Consumer Revolution Economically and Politically stable British Society allowed for class mobility Agricultural advances

Industrialization of Textiles Had its start with the putting-out system in peasant homes By mid-1700s production couldn’t keep up with demand New Innovations are invented John Kay’s Flying Shuttle James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame Rise of the Factories Factories needed to house new machines

The Steam Engine It was the first machine to provide a steady unlimited power. Superior to wind, water, and muscle power Thomas Newcomen invented the 1st workable steam engine Very inefficient Perfected by James Watt Watt’s design would power the IR

Improved Iron Production Iron would became extremely important to industrial development, but production was limited by 3 factors Ironmakers began using coke (purified coal) and the steam engine to smelt iron Henry Cort invented a new process that removed more impurities from the molten iron These innovations caused the demand for iron to increase by lowering the cost England became Europe’s leading iron producer

Working Women The transformation of agriculture & industry caused a diminished role for women in production New machines operated by men began to replace women on the farms and in textile manufacturing Many women turned to the cottage industries to earn a living or became domestic servants These jobs were much lower in skill and lower paying There were many long-term results of the changes in jobs allowed to women