What happened to modeling? Doug Fisher www.fisherandfrey.com

Glendale School District

And then it was gone

Comparison 2016 2008 Average 2 minutes per hour Interactive read alouds, shared readings, think alouds, and direct instruction 2016 Average 2 minutes per hour Many classes had no modeling Direct instruction

Simply assigning hard books will not ensure that students learn at high levels!

TEACH complex text don’t just ASSIGN complex text

Modeling and Demonstrating

Aspects of Modeling Name it • Non-examples “I” statements • Why statements Name it • Non-examples

Modeling Comprehension Inference Summarize Predict Clarify Question Visualize Monitor Synthesize Evaluate Connect

Word Solving Context clues Word parts (prefix, suffix, root, base, cognates) Resources (others, Internet, dictionary)

Using Text Structure Informational Texts Narrative Texts Problem/Solution, Compare/Contrast, Sequence, Cause/Effect, Description Narrative Texts Story grammar (plot, setting, character) Dialogue Literary devices

Using Text Features Headings Table of contents Captions Glossary Illustrations Charts Graphs Bold words Table of contents Glossary Index Tables Margin notes Italicized words

What Happened to Phineas? Attend the tale of Phineas Gage. Honest, well liked by friends and fellow workers on the Rutland and Burlington Railroads, Gage was a young man of exemplary character and promise until one day in September 1848. While tamping down the blasting powder for a dynamite charge, Gage inadvertently sparked an explosion. The inch thick tamping rod rocketed through his cheek, obliterating his left eye, on its way through his brain and out the top of his skull. Discover Magazine

The rod landed several yards away, and Gage fell back in a convulsive heap. Yet a moment later he stood up and spoke. His fellow workers watched, aghast, then drove him by oxcart to a hotel where a local doctor, one John Harlow, dressed his wounds. As Harlow stuck his index fingers in the holes in Gage’s face and head until their tips met, the young man inquired when he would be able to return to work. Discover Magazine

Within two months the physical organism that was Phineas Gage had completely recovered - he could walk, speak, and demonstrate normal awareness of his surroundings. But the character of the man did not survive the tamping rod’s journey through his brain. In place of the diligent, dependable worker stood a foul-mouthed and ill-mannered liar given to extravagant schemes that were never followed through. “Gage,” said his friends, “was no longer Gage.” Discover Magazine

Questions How did Phineas survive this penetrating brain injury? For how much longer did he live? What was the quality of his life after the injury?