Chapter 6 Missions and Settlements in Texas Spain expanded efforts to colonize “Texas” Time period: Late 1600’s to early 1700’s

A. First Mission in Texas 1. 1682: Corpus Christi de la Ysleta (Body of Christ of Ysleta) 2. Near El Paso 3. Spain had settlement in New Mexico: Santa Fe 1609

B. Spain learned of La Salle & Fort St. Louis Alonso de Leon expedition to destroy fort Find no one alive at fort on April 22, 1689 Fort in ruins De Leon travelled deeper into East Texas from there with Angelina, a Native guide and interpreter

C. Spanish meet Hasinai They called them the “Tejas Indians” meaning friend Hasanai: tribe of the Caddo Father Damian Massanet, Catholic Church official who was on the De Leon expedition promised to return to the Tejas.

D. First East Texas Mission Father Massanet got permission from the Viceroy to return and found a mission among the Tejas. 1690: Father Massanet, 4 friars and 100 soldiers left and Father Francisco Hidalgo took over. Crude log buildings made up the Mission San Francisco de los Texas

San Francisco de los Tejas Location not far from Caddo Mounds--- near Alto and Weches Area in brown is location of the East Texas Missions Replica of original mission in historical park today.

First Tejas Mission Failed 1. Drought ruined crops 2. Disease killed many Indians and one friar 3. Tejas rejected Catholic religion 4. Tejas resented Spanish attempts to change their way of life.

E. Spanish settlements along Rio Grande River Mission San Juan Bautista (St. John the Baptist) built on west side of Rio Grande in 1699. Known as the “Gateway to Texas” and the “Mother of Texas Missions” Located at crossroads, grew into 3 missions, a presidio and a town run by Jose de Escandon Along the Most well known road: El Camino Real

Roads to East Texas

Mission located near present-day Eagle Pass

F. Father Francisco Hidalgo Spanish missionary had been at San Francisco de los Tejas. (Failed E. TX. Mission) Wanted to return to the Hasanai. Viceroy ignored his requests. Devised a plan.

F. France Threatens Again 1. Francisco Hidalgo asked French to set up a mission in East Texas. 2. French governor appointed Louis de St. Denis (Denee) to negotiate about this with Spanish officials on the Rio Grande. 3. Sets up a trading post named Natchitoches on the Red River in present-day Louisiana. 4. Ramon arrested St. Denis and sent him to Mexico City to be examined by viceroy to check his motives.

G. San Antonio is Founded Spanish needed a midway settlement from the Rio Grande settlements to the East Texas missions. Site on San Antonio River chosen: 1718 Known as San Antonio de Bexar---today, San Antonio is in Bexar County---the name is used today!

San Antonio de Bexar Building plans of the Fort

San Antonio Missions: most missions in one location

Design of Spanish missions Coahuiltecan Indians adapted well to mission life. Why?

Presidio San Antonio de Bexar Fort: housed the soldiers 1718, built by Martin de Alarcon Soldiers brought their families and settled permanently. Why was this presidio a good idea? What threats do you think the Spanish faced?

H. San Antonio de Valero San Antonio de Valero was a mission. Built in 1718. The mission church became known as the Alamo, and was the site of the fateful battle of the Texas Revolution.

San Antonio Today MISSION TRAIL SAN ANTONIO RIVER: RIVER WALK

I. The Chicken War 1719 French attacked Mission San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes Captured a Spanish soldier and looted hen house Hens spooked horse and Frenchman fell; Spanish soldier escaped 4.The result: Viceroy sends Aguayo and 500 soldiers to re-establish abandoned missions and moved Presidio Nuestra Senora de la Dolores further east, closer to the French.

J. Los Adaes Becomes the first capital of Texas in 1722 Gov. Aguayo built a large presidio, Nuestra Senora del Pilar de los Adaes, near Natchitoches built with Franciscan Priest, Antonio Margil de Jesus 100 soldiers and their families started a village near the fort. Becomes the first capital of Texas in 1722

Los Adaes Location of Spanish fort Louisiana Marker today

Los Adaes Diagram of the fort Diagram of Historic Park

La Bahia: 2nd fort Aguayo built Aguayo moves on to site of Fort St. Louis: design of original fort Builds a presidio on the site named La Bahia-later moved and this is the 2nd one.

La Bahia moved from Fort St La Bahia moved from Fort St. Louis site to present day Goliad due to Karankawa problems La Bahia in the distance Chapel at La Bahia near Goliad today.

Presidio La Bahia Spanish Cannon Barrel Location of Goliad, Texas

K. La Bahia 1722 Presidio established on top of Ft. St. Louis by Domingo Ramon in 1721 Also founded a mission across a creek by Governor Aguayo Was moved inland to present day Goliad by Jose de Escandon in 1749 because of Indian fights

Why Did Most of the Missions Fail? 1) 2) 3)