Get out paper & something to write with. Get ready to take some notes. Monday, May 1, 2017

LEQ: How is basic Adult CPR performed? you will only need to copy the information underlined in red Basic Adult CPR LEQ: How is basic Adult CPR performed?

Basic Adult CPR TABLE OF CONTENTS Lessons 1. CPR Basics Go 2. Introduction to Adult CPR Go TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lesson 1 – CPR CPR is a lifesaving technique that must be learned by every health care worker. CPR is short for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardio means heart. Pulmonary means lungs. Resuscitation means to restore to life. CPR CPR is a lifesaving technique that must be learned by every health care worker. CPR is short for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Breaking down these words helps to provide a description of the procedure: Cardio means heart. Pulmonary means lungs. Resuscitation means to restore to life. Therefore, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is bringing the heart and lungs “back to life.”

Lesson 1 – Basic Life Support CPR is part of a life- saving system called Basic Life Support (BLS). BLS includes the following steps: Recognizing signs of sudden cardiac arrest, heart attack, stroke, and airway obstructions. Implementing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Performing defibrillation. Basic Life Support CPR is part of a life-saving system called Basic Life Support (BLS). BLS includes the following steps: Recognizing signs of sudden cardiac arrest, heart attack, stroke, and airway obstructions. Implementing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Performing defibrillation. Health care workers must learn the techniques of BLS so that they can act quickly and correctly in emergency situations.

Lesson 1 – Cardiac Arrest Cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops beating. When cardiac arrest occurs, the electrical impulses in the heart become altered. Ventricular fibrillation is a chaotic heart rhythm that makes the heart unable to pump blood effectively. Cardiac Arrest Cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops beating. The causes of cardiac arrest include the following conditions: Heart disease Respiratory shock Electrocution Drowning Choking Drug overdose Trauma When cardiac arrest occurs, the electrical impulses in the heart become altered. Ventricular fibrillation is a chaotic heart rhythm that makes the heart unable to pump blood effectively. Ventricular fibrillation can lead to death if the condition is not reversed.

Lesson 1 – Detecting Cardiac Arrest When cardiac arrest occurs, blood stops flowing, and vital organs do not receive oxygen. The following items may indicate that a patient is suffering from cardiac arrest: No response: Patients do not respond to touch or sound. No breathing: Patients have stopped breathing, or they gasp unsuccessfully for breath. No circulation: Patients do not move and do not have a pulse. Detecting Cardiac Arrest When cardiac arrest occurs, blood stops flowing, and vital organs do not receive oxygen. The following items may indicate that a patient is suffering from cardiac arrest: No response: Patients do not respond to touch or sound. No breathing: Patients have stopped breathing, or they gasp unsuccessfully for breath. No circulation: Patients do not move and do not have a pulse.

Lesson 1 – Defibrillation When a patient is suffering from cardiac arrest, a device called an automated external defibrillator (AED) may be used to shock the heart. An AED does not restart the heart. Rather, the device stuns the heart so that ventricular fibrillation is stopped. Defibrillation is most successful when performed within five minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest. Defibrillation Defibrillation is one of the most effective ways to restore a heart to its normal rhythm. When a patient is suffering from cardiac arrest, a device called an automated external defibrillator (AED) may be used to shock the heart. An AED does not restart the heart. Rather, the device stuns the heart so that ventricular fibrillation is stopped. Then, if the heart has not suffered too much damage, normal rhythm and blood flow are resumed. Defibrillation is most successful when performed within five minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest. However, emergency medical services may not arrive with an AED within this amount of time. Therefore, CPR is used to provide critical amounts of blood to vital organs. CPR prolongs the time a patient can survive until an AED becomes available.

Lesson 1 – Clinical and Biological Death Clinical death occurs when the heart stops beating and the patient stops breathing. Biological death occurs when body cells die. Biological death usually happens four to six minutes after clinical death. If CPR is performed immediately after clinical death occurs, biological death may be prevented. Clinical and Biological Death In the medical field, there are two types of death: clinical and biological. Clinical death occurs when the heart stops beating and the patient stops breathing. Biological death occurs when body cells die. Biological death usually happens four to six minutes after clinical death. When clinical death occurs, a patient may be revived if CPR is performed right away. During CPR, a rescuer provides oxygen by breathing for the patient and circulating the blood. The goal is to keep oxygenated blood flowing to vital organs until the patient is revived or a defibrillator becomes available. If CPR is performed immediately after clinical death occurs, biological death may be prevented.

Lesson 1 – Basic Steps of CPR Remember CABD Circulation Airway Breathing Defibrillation Basic Steps of CPR CPR can be administered in four basic steps. The letters CABD can be used as a guide to remember these steps. Circulation Airway Breathing Defibrillation

Lesson 1 – Basic Steps of CPR Circulation “Push hard, push fast” Compress at least 2 inches Minimize interruptions Circulation Oxygenated blood is circulated through the body by pressing on the patient’s chest. This will cause the heart to squeeze the blood into the blood vessels and provide oxygen to the body’s organs, particularly the brain.   “Push hard, push fast” is used by the American Heart Association® to describe correct technique. Each compression should depress the chest at least 2 inches. The chance of hurting the patient is very small, so use all of your strength during compressions. Make sure the chest returns to its normal position between each compression. Minimize interruptions, including rescue breaths, while giving chest compressions. Pumping blood through the body is the priority.

Lesson 1 – Basic Steps of CPR Airway Head-tilt, chin- lift Jaw-thrust maneuver Airway After 30 chest compressions, open the patient’s airway and prepare to offer rescue breaths. Remember that interruptions to chest compression must be kept to a minimum, so this must be done quickly.   Open the patient’s airway by tilting the head back, lifting the chin, and opening the mouth. This is called the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. If a patient shows signs of a suspected spinal injury, use the jaw-thrust maneuver instead. Without turning or rotating the patient’s head, push the lower jaw forward with your fingertips.

Lesson 1 – Basic Steps of CPR Breathing Use face shield 2 rescue breaths Breathing Whenever possible, use a protective face shield to avoid direct mouth-to-mouth contact. Give the patient 2 quick rescue breaths by breathing into the patient’s mouth or nose. Spend less than 10 seconds positioning the airway and giving the rescue breaths. Continue the cycle of 30 compression and 2 rescue breaths.   Once an advanced airway has been placed by a health care provider, the breaths are given every 6 to 8 seconds (8 to 10 breaths per minute). Chest compressions are given continuously.

Lesson 1 – Basic Steps of CPR Defibrillation Use immediately Resume CPR Defibrillation Chest compressions and rescue breaths should be performed until the patient recovers or a defibrillator becomes available.   Once a defibrillator is available, attach and use the device immediately. Without delay, resume CPR after each shock, beginning with compressions.

Lesson 1 – CPR Certification There are specific methods of CPR for adults, children, and infants. CPR rescuers must know how to use these methods properly. The best way to learn the correct methods is to take a CPR certification course. To become CPR certified, contact a local branch of the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association. CPR Certification There are specific methods of CPR for adults, children, and infants. In addition, there are methods for a one-person rescue and a two-person rescue. CPR rescuers must know how to use these methods properly. Using an incorrect technique could result in serious injury or even death. The best way to learn the correct methods is to take a CPR certification course. All health care workers must be CPR certified. To become CPR certified, contact a local branch of the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association.

Lesson 1 – Health Care Providers and Lay Rescuers CPR procedures for health care providers are different from the procedures for lay rescuers. A lay rescuer is any person who is trained to perform CPR but is not a licensed health care provider. Health Care Providers and Lay Rescuers It is important to note that CPR procedures for health care providers are different from the procedures for lay rescuers. A lay rescuer is any person who is trained to perform CPR but is not a licensed health care provider. This course teaches the procedures for health care providers.

Lesson 2 – Adult CPR Adult CPR may be given to anyone who has reached the onset of puberty. The two methods of adult CPR include the one-person rescue and the two-person rescue. Health care workers must be trained in both methods. Adult CPR Adult CPR may be given to anyone who has reached the onset of puberty, which usually occurs between 12 and 14 years of age. If a child has developed secondary sex characteristics, that child will fall under the standards for adult CPR. The two methods of adult CPR include the one-person rescue and the two-person rescue. In the one-person method, the rescuer must perform both the rescue breathing and the chest compressions. In the two-person method, the first rescuer performs the rescue breathing and the second rescuer performs the chest compressions. Health care workers must be trained in both methods.

Lesson 2– Chain of Survival The American Heart Association created the Chain of Survival to illustrate important steps to take during cardiac arrest. The five links in the Chain of Survival are: Immediate recognition of the cardiac arrest and activation of EMS system. Start early CPR. Perform rapid defibrillation. Advanced life support after CPR and defibrillation Post-cardiac arrest care. Chain of Survival The American Heart Association created the Chain of Survival to illustrate important steps to take during cardiac arrest. These steps are time-sensitive. They should be implemented by the rescuer as quickly as possible. The five links in the Chain of Survival are: 1. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and then activation of the EMS system. 2. Start early CPR on the patient. Early CPR can greatly increase the patient's survivability. 3. Perform rapid defibrillation. 4. Provide advanced life support after CPR and defibrillation. 5. Post-cardiac arrest care provided after the patient resumes sustained cardiac activity by health care providers.

Time to practice you will have to verbalize the parts that you can’t actually practice

1. Determine responsiveness pat victim on the shoulder ask, “are you okay?”

2. Activate EMS if alone, go ahead and call 911 if others are present, point to a particular person and tell them to call 911 you may also instruct someone to locate an AED

check for carotid pulse for 5- 10 seconds 3. Circulation check for carotid pulse for 5- 10 seconds

do head-tilt, chin-lift 4. check for breathing look, listen, feel do head-tilt, chin-lift jaw-thrust if you suspect a neck injury

5. If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths if breaths won’t go in, reposition head if they still won’t go in, you may have to perform abdominal thrusts to clear an airway obstruction

6. begin chest compressions fingers together elbows locked shoulders directly over patient heel of hand in center of sternum compress at least 2 inches compress at a rate of 100 compressions / minute do cycles of 30 compressions then 2 rescue breaths you must reposition head each time you give breaths