Large Valorisation on Sustainability of Steel Structures Assesment and valorisation tool for the sustainability of steel structures CESB2016 – 23.6.2016 M. Netusil & F.Wald Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of Steel and Timber Structures

AMECO General presentation Software to deal with Life Cycle Assessment of bridges and buildings with structural steel Calculations according to ISO 14040 & 44 Free tool developed by CTICM (France) on the behalf of ArcelorMittal and disseminated by several partners under RFS2-CT-2013-00016 LVS3

AMECO General presentation AMECO includes following modules: Module A : Production stage (Raw material supply, transport, manufacturing) Construction stage (transport, construction) Module B : Use stage Module added in AMECO version 3 in the frame of LVS3 project For buildings only An option is available to ignore this module during calculations Module C : End-of-life stage (deconstruction, transport, waste process, disposal) Module D : Benefits and loads beyond system boundaries (Reuse, recycling and recovery)

Definition of the frontiers of the system Production and manufacturing impacts here PRODUCT stage CONSTRUCTION PROCESS stage USE stage END-OF-LIFE stage Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 D Reuse- Recovery- Recycling- potential Raw material supply Transport Manufacturing Transport Construction – installation process Use Maintenance Repair Replacement Refurbishment Deconstruction demolition Transport Waste processing Disposal B6 Operational energy use B7 Operational water use Mandatory Benefits of recycling calculated here EPD cradle-to-gate Mandatory Optional EPD cradle-to-gate with option Mandatory Optional EPD cradle-to-grave 4

Keyword #1, the functional unit: object of an LCA study Examples: 1m² of cladding, 1 beam for a specific span and load, Comparisons between products only for equivalent functions vs. vs. 1kg steel 1kg concrete 1m steel barrier 1m concrete barrier 5

AMECO General operation AMECO general organisation Based on a user friendly multilingual interface For windows OS (from Vista versions) Menus and toolbar Tabs Definition of the parameters through windows selected by tabs Definition zone Notification zone

AMECO Definition of a building Main parameters for the definition of a building in AMECO (1st tab) Building defined by its main dimensions - Width of each façade - Height between floors - Number of floors 4 possible types of buildings : residential, offices, industrial or commercial The User has to define the location of the building among one of the 52 European cities already included in the geographical database of AMECO

AMECO Definition of a building Data included in AMECO for each location : For each month of the year Outside temperature Solar incident radiation for each of the 4 main orientations (S, W, N, E) Night fraction of the day Type of climatic region (5 possible choices) Dfc Dfb Cfb Csb Csa

AMECO Definition of a building Definition of the facades (2nd tab) Façade areas automatically calculated Definition of opening areas for each façade by the User Definition of the type of façade through a list of macro-components Light steel panel walls, double clay walls For each one, several type of insulation Data associated to each macro component : U values, Recycling rates, LCA impact coefficients (see background document)

AMECO Definition of a building Definition of the facades Definition of the type of glazing through a list of macro-components Double glazing, several emissivity types Definition of the shading and shutter devices

AMECO Definition of a building Definition of the base floor (3rd tab) 2 types of base floors - Slab on ground floor - Suspended floor Definition of the masses of concrete and reinforcement for base floor Definition of the roof (4th tab) 2 types of roofs (macro-components)

AMECO Definition of a building Display of the occupancy data (5th tab) Occupancy data are not modifiable. They are linked to the type of building : - heating temperature - cooling temperature - air flow rate (heating and cooling) - occupancy and light period of the day Residential building light Kitchen and living area Other conditioned areas From To Gain (W/m2) Monday to Friday 7 17 23 10 5 Saturday and Sunday

AMECO Definition of a building Definition of the systems in the building (6th tab) Heating system : electric resistance, gas fuel heater, liquid fuel h., solid fuel h., split, no heating Cooling system : split, absorption cooling device, compression cooling device, no cooling Mechanical ventilation unit with or without heat recovery system (definition of the efficiency and heat recovery percentage) Domestic Hot Water : electric boiler, gas boiler, stand alone water heater, no DHW

AMECO Definition of a building Definition of the structure of the building (7th tab) Steel columns (mass) Steel beams Studs Bolts Plate for connections

AMECO Definition of a building Definition of the structural systems of floors in the building (8th tab) Type of slabs : plain slab, composite slab, permanent formwork, prefabricated, dry floors Several types of steel sheeting proposed from database Type of concrete (poured in situ or prefabricated elements) Concrete grade Steel reinforcement

AMECO Definition of a building Definition of transport conditions for the elements used the building (9th tab) Either average (european data) or user defined values User defined values : by electric trains or by regular trucks, with the definition of the distances For concrete elements, distance by mixer trucks (poured in situ) or by regular trucks (prefabricated elements)

AMECO Results Following impacts are calculated and displayed (10th tab) : Global warming potential Ozone depletion potential Acidification potential Use of renewable primary energy Use of non renewable fuel energy Use of fresh water ….. A total of 24 impacts

AMECO Results Several type of graphical outputs Bar charts

AMECO Results Tables

AMECO Results Radial graphics

AMECO Results All data, parameters and results can also be displayed, saved and printed from a calculation report

Three types of structural systems are analyzed: AMECO Case study – Office building The Objective of this study is to compare the environmental quality of an office building made with different type of structural systems Three types of structural systems are analyzed: steel-concrete composite structure concrete structure optimized steel-concrete composite structure (this optimization has been done on the basis of an ECO-Design)

Dimensions of the building plan: 42x24 m Definition of the building Dimensions of the building plan: 42x24 m Number of levels in the superstructure (excluding ground floor): 8 levels Located in Paris

Heating & cooling: split system Occupancy and systems Office building type Heating & cooling: split system Mechanical ventilation with a heat recovery system DHW system: electrical boiler

Composite structure Concrete structure Strucutral systems Steel profiles in S355 Steel Deck COFRA+60 with 15 cm of concrete (C30/37) Stabilisation by central concrete core (C30/37) Concrete structure Prefabricated hollow core slab (C30/37) Steel reinforced concrete for the beams and columns (C30/37)

Eco-optimised Composite structure Strucutral systems Eco-optimised Composite structure Steel profiles in S460 Steel Deck COFRA+60 with 15 cm of concrete (C30/37) Stabilisation by steel bracing (S460)

Transport of Concrete : Transport of Steel : Total weight : 369.6 t Transport : 500 km by regular trucks Transport of Concrete : Total weight : 4676 t Transport : 50km by mixer trucks

Results The use phase (module B) accounts for about 91% of the global GWP impact, for any type of structure

Results – optimized steel x concrete +82%

Results – conclusions Low influence of the structural system on the global environmental impacts of the building, in comparison with exploitation and activity of buildings Advantages in the field of environmental footprint to use composite Steel and Concrete structure (best configurations for both materials) Structures more sustainable thanks to the recycling of material at the end of life (infinite recycling of steel and valorization of crushed concrete) = use of the Module D Minimizing the use of material by using High strength steel – where it is feasible….

MATERIALS TO DOWNLOAD The software Ameco 3 can be downloaded from the website http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/LVS3 including background materials and more case studies including their validation comparing with other methodology. International website of the project is http://sustainable-steel.eu/index.html, where all documents are available in 17 languages including the software and smart phone app.

THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION michal.netusil@fsv.cvut.cz Questions?