Chapter 7: Non-communicable Diseases Personal Health: Perspectives and Lifestyles (4th Edition) Floyd, Mimms, & Yelding Prepared by: Amy Rowland, Ph.D.

Chapter Objectives Explain the mechanism by which cancers develop List the personal health choices that reduce and individual’s risk of developing cancer Define chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and describe its manifestations Identify and differentiate the types of anemia

Chapter Objectives Differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes Define rheumatic diseases and give examples Identify three skin conditions related to ethnicity Give examples of diseases of the digestive tract

Cancer Refers to a group of diseases which result in the spread of abnormal cells

Mechanism of Cancer Gene p53 normally acts as a tumor suppressor Sometimes a mutation occurs and p53 no longer acts as a tumor killer Telomerase (an enzyme) allows the cells to reproduce to form a tumor

Cancer Carcinogens (aka cancer causing agents) Occupational hazards and pollutants Chemicals in food and water Certain viruses Radiation

Cancer Diagnosis Biopsy Magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) Computerized axial tomography (CAT)

Cancer Treatment Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Hormone therapy

Cancer Prevention Smoking Nutrition and diet Exposure to sunlight Physical activity

Cancer Prevention Alcohol Smokeless tobacco Estrogen Occupational hazards Ionizing radiation

Cancer Prevention Insert Figure 7.1 here

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) Also called COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), this disease is the third leading cause of death in U.S.

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) Bronchitis Inflammation and swelling of the bronchi Symptoms: cough, wheezing, shortness of breath Emphysema Alveoli are destroyed and non-functional Symptoms: cough, difficulty breathing Common causes: Tobacco smoke and air pollutants

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) Hay fever Allergic reaction in mucous membranes of nose and upper respiratory tract Symptoms: sneezing, itchy/watery eyes and nose Asthma Wheezing and difficulty breathing caused by narrowing and obstruction of the bronchioles Common causes: allergens, non-allergens, and stress-related causes

Anemia Blood disorder characterized by insufficient quantity or quality of red blood cells

Types of Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia-often results from inadequate amounts of iron in the diet Pernicious anemia (also called B12 deficiency)-the body is unable to absorb B12 which causes a deficiency

Sickle Cell Disease Sickle-cell disease-inherited disease which results in red blood cells which have a sickle shape Insert figure 7.6 here

Types of Diabetes Type I (insulin dependent)-the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin Type II (non-insulin dependent)-the pancreas produces some insulin but the body cannot use it effectively

Prevalence of Type II Diabetes Insert Figure 7.8

Complications of Diabetes Diabetic retinopathy Cardiovascular complications Kidney diseases Diabetic neuropathy

Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Type I – symptoms appear suddenly and dramatically Fatigue, irritability, abnormal hunger and thirst, frequent urination, weight loss Type II – symptoms are more subtle Drowsiness, blurred vision, itching, slow-healing cuts, skin infections, numbness of fingers/toes

Rheumatic Diseases Refers to over 100 diseases characterized by inflammation and pain in tissues or joints

Rheumatic Diseases Lupus Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Fibromyalgia

Skin Disorders Pseudofolliculitis Vitiligo Keloid

Diseases of the Digestive Tract Peptic ulcers Colitis Diverticulitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Gallstones

Neurological Disorders Headaches Tension Vascular Migraines Cluster Toxic Organic Rebound

Neurological Disorders Seizure Disorders (epilepsy) Four forms of seizure Grand mal Petit mal Psychomotor Jacksonian