Chapter Menu Lesson 1: Reading Maps Lesson 2: Topographic and Geologic Maps Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

1.1 Reading Maps longitude latitude map view profile view map legend

The Grid Systems of Maps 1.1 Reading Maps The Grid Systems of Maps An imaginary grid of lines encircle the globe Longitude: distance (in degrees) from prime meridian Latitude: distance (in degrees) north or south of equator

Longitude Prime meridian (0º longitude): line from north to south pole 1.1 Reading Maps Longitude Prime meridian (0º longitude): line from north to south pole It divides Earth in western and eastern hemispheres.

1.1 Reading Maps Latitude Equator (0º latitude): latitude line that divides Earth in half It divides Earth in northern and southern hemispheres.

Degrees, Minutes, Seconds 1.1 Reading Maps Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Degrees Because Earth is spherical, degrees (º) are used to measure longitude and latitude Minutes Each degree is divided into 60 minutes (′)

Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (cont.) 1.1 Reading Maps Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (cont.) Seconds Each minute is divided into 60 seconds (″) Used to pinpoint specific locations

Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (cont.)

1.1 Reading Maps Plotting A coordinate is a combination of the latitude number and longitude number Example: Sacramento, CA is approximately 38º N by 121º W

1.1 Reading Maps Different Views Map view: map drawn as if looking down on an area from above Earth’s surface Also referred to as plan view Lines of latitude and longitude usually drawn on a map-view map

Different Views (cont.) 1.1 Reading Maps Different Views (cont.) Profile view: drawing showing a vertical section of the ground Cross sections are drawn in profile view

1.1 Reading Maps Map Scales and Legends Map legend: lists symbols used on map with an explanation of each symbol Map scale: tells relationship between a distance on a map and actual distance Example: 1 cm = 1 km or 1:100

A B C D What does a map scale of 1:25 mean? 1.1 Reading Maps What does a map scale of 1:25 mean? A Every 25 units on the map equals one unit of the ground. B 1 cm on the map equals 25 km on the ground. C Every unit on the map equals 25 units on the ground. D Every 2 units on the map equals 75 units on the ground. A B C D Lesson 1 Review

Which describes cross sections drawn in profile view? 1.1 Reading Maps A B C D Which describes cross sections drawn in profile view? A drawn as if looking down on Earth’s surface B parallel to Earth’s surface C perpendicular to Earth’s surface D both c and a Lesson 1 Review

Which describes the prime meridian? 1.1 Reading Maps A B C D Which describes the prime meridian? A It cuts Earth into the Western and Eastern hemispheres. B It cuts the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. C It is used as a reference point for longitude coordinates. D both a and c Lesson 1 Review

End of Lesson 1

1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps topographic map contour line geologic map geologic formation contact

Topographic Maps Refer to shape of surface 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Topographic Maps Refer to shape of surface Use lines of equal elevation Identify natural features: mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, coastlines Identify man-made features: buildings, roads, towns How can locations be identified by their climate and topography?

Contour Lines Join points of equal elevation 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Contour Lines Join points of equal elevation Indicate elevation as the distance above sea level Contour interval is difference in elevation between contour lines that are next to each other Example: if interval = 20 m, change in elevation after 5 contour lines = 100 m

1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Contour Lines (cont.)

1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Topographic Profiles Perspective is like standing on Earth and looking toward horizon Symbols: the USGS uses a wide variety of symbols to communicate information

Topographic Profiles (cont.) Interactive Table A

Topographic Profiles (cont.) Interactive Table B

Topographic Profiles (cont.) Interactive Table C

Geologic Maps Represent geology of an area 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Geologic Maps Represent geology of an area Geologic formation is a 3-D body of a certain kind of rock of a given age range Different geological formations are shown by different colors

1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Geologic Maps (cont.)

Contacts Place where two rock formations are next to each other 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Contacts Place where two rock formations are next to each other Depositional: sediments deposited on other sediments Fault: rock formations that are next to one another and have been moved

1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Contacts (cont.)

Making Geologic Maps Geologist collect and study rock samples 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps Making Geologic Maps Geologist collect and study rock samples Use data to create geographic maps Study geological cross sections Core samples show layer of rock Beds: broad, flat layers of rocks

1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps B C D If a contour interval equals 50 m, what is the change in elevation represented by 10 lines? A 5 m B 50 m C 500 m D 5,000 m Lesson 2 Review

B study cliffs where rock is exposed C take core samples 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps A B C D In order to investigate rocks below the surface of Earth, geologists _____. A study outcrops B study cliffs where rock is exposed C take core samples D all of the above Lesson 2 Review

The rock layers of the Grand Canyon are an example of _______. 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps A B C D The rock layers of the Grand Canyon are an example of _______. A a contour interval B a depositional contact C a fault contact D a contour line Lesson 2 Review

End of Lesson 2

Chapter Resources Menu Chapter Assessment California Standards Practice Concepts in Motion Image Bank Science Online Interactive Table Virtual Lab Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

A minutes, seconds, and degrees B seconds, minutes, and degrees To pinpoint a building in a certain city you would give the specific location using _____ (in order). A minutes, seconds, and degrees B seconds, minutes, and degrees C minutes and seconds D degrees, minutes, and seconds Chapter Assessment 1

Which describes California’s location? A It is in the eastern and southern hemispheres. B It is in the eastern and northern hemispheres. C It is in the western and southern hemispheres. D It is in the western and northern hemispheres. Chapter Assessment 2

What do topographic maps refer to? B C D What do topographic maps refer to? A the shape of a surface (elevation and position of features) B geological formations of a certain type of rock of a given age range C depositional contacts D fault contacts Chapter Assessment 3

How are geological maps useful? A they use lines of equal elevation B C D How are geological maps useful? A they use lines of equal elevation B they help predict the weather C they help in locating valuable minerals or understanding earthquakes D none of the above Chapter Assessment 4

A B C D If a map scale is 1 cm = 100 km, how far apart would two places be if they are 7 cm apart on the map? A 7 km B 70 km C 700 km D 7,000 km Chapter Assessment 5

What type of map uses colors to indicate geologic features? SCI 7.f A B C D What type of map uses colors to indicate geologic features? A profile map B topographic map C geologic map D road CA Standards Practice 1

B a single unit of rock has been cut by a fault C a river is present SCI 7.h A B C D Which is most likely if a geologic map shows the same color rocks on both sides of a fault? A a volcano is present B a single unit of rock has been cut by a fault C a river is present D the map maker made an error CA Standards Practice 2

What is a contour interval? SCI 7.f A B C D What is a contour interval? A the difference in elevation between contour lines B the position of each contour line C a line that shows where faults are located D a feature that explains symbols and colors on a map CA Standards Practice 3

SCI 7.f A B C D If you were a hiker and you wanted to avoid most of the uphill climbs, which map would be best to use? A geologic map B topographic map C road map D political map CA Standards Practice 4

SCI 7.f A B C D If a contour interval equals 30 m, what would the change in elevation be after 6 contour line? A 180 m B 6 m C 30 m D 60 m CA Standards Practice 5

Concepts in Motion 1

Image Bank

Interactive Table Interactive Table A

Interactive Table (cont.) Interactive Table B

Interactive Table (cont.)

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