Geospatial Tools for Improved Water Management in Jordan Prof. Jawad Al-Bakri, UOJ Geospatial Tools for Improved Water Management in Jordan Jawad Al-Bakri, Sari Shawash, Eman Qaryouti, Areej Al-Khreisat jbakri@ju.edu.jo Department of Land, Water and Environment Faculty of Agriculture The University of Jordan

Contents Background and use of RS-GIS at MWI Recent applications at MWI Case study in year 2016 Main findings Conclusions

Why Geospatial? The technology is improved with time. Real-time data is available at low or no cost. Integration of Geospatial data (remote sensing and GIS). Attractive technology (automation and digital analysis) that is used at laptops and mobiles.

Use of Geospatial techniques at MWI The use of RS-GIS at MWI started with mapping water resources (ground and surface). Each firm of MWI has its own GIS application. For RS, the concrete steps started in 2012 through a WB project.

Recent applications of Geospatial techniques at MWI Years 2013-2014: Crop mapping for two pilots (Azarq and Mafraq). Developing the work to assess GW abstraction records. Mapping irrigation in highlands. Estimation of crop water consumption.

Crop mapping and estimation of CWR Mapping of irrigation to uncover violations Detailed mapping of irrigated crops

3.4.5 Crop mapping: outputs and analysis

Crop ETc from FAO-56 (Mafraq) Crop (s)   Net Water Consumption (MCM/year) Olives 31.9 Fruit trees 24.1 Grapes 0.8 Vegetables 40.3 Mixed crops 15.4 Total (Net CWR) 113 Gross CWR 161 Recorded by MWI 49

Case study Work in 2016. Support by GIZ 5 study areas in 5 basins in the highlands Data used: Landsat ETM+ and OLI, Rapid Eye, Met. Records, ground data. Crop mapping with time series of Landsat data, verified and refined with RapidEye. SEBAL Model for ETa, calibrated with credible data (Ramtha WWTP, soil moisture at Samar, Irrigated farms) Comparison with GW abstraction records at MWI.

Case study Azraq Mafraq Ramtha South Amman Jafir

RS data and models Landsat 8 (30m), RapidEye (5m). Climatic records. SEBAL model for actual ET mapping

2- G is obtained from surface cover type and thermal bands 1- Rn = RS ↓ − α RS ↓ + RL ↓ − RL ↑ − (1 − εo) RL ↓ RS and RL are calculated from remote sensing data and atmospheric models. Albedo is obtained from spectral reflectance and surface cover type 2- G is obtained from surface cover type and thermal bands Part of SEBAL model to calculate surface temperature and G from RS data

3- H is calculated from an iterative process that uses data related to stability conditions of the atmosphere data on The model calculates the instantaneous ET which is transferred into daily, weekly and monthly ET. ETrF or Kc = instantaneous ETa/ETr

Examples on outputs: crop mapping

Examples : ETa mapping and groundwater abstraction

Outputs: Water Accounting and auditing Study Area Irrigated area (dunum) Crops (%) No. of wells Recorded abstraction (MCM) SEBAL-ETa (MCM) Difference between ETa - GW Ramtha 11,496 -Vegetables (73) -Trees (17) - Forage (10) 26 3.75 5.92 2.17 Mafraq 89,037 Vegetables (46) -Trees (56) 170 28.70 34.22 5.52 Azraq 50,701 -Vegetables (17) -Trees (70) - Forage (13) 404 21.70 30.3 8.6 South Amman 44,548 -Vegetables (72) -Trees (28) 68 7.28 13.77* 6.49 Jafer 23,819 -Trees (7) - Forage (21) 57 6.62 10.72* 4.10 Total 219,601 -Vegetables (49) -Trees (46) - Forage (5) 725 68.05 94.93 26.88 * Including evaporation from irrigation ponds.

Mapped CWR > records of GW (30-50% excluding irrigation losses). Main findings Mapped CWR > records of GW (30-50% excluding irrigation losses). Over-abstraction of groundwater in all basins. Evidence of violations and illegal access to water sources. SEBAL estimates < actual (due to irrigation losses)

Recommendations for future work Adoption of SEBAL and other calibrated models. Use of different techniques and remote sensing sources (EarthExplorer: Sentinel-2, Landsat 8,..). Working with farmers to assess irrigation practices and find solutions (Full irrigation, deficit irrigation and water stress). Merge remote sensing with socioeconomic data to provide solutions.

شكرا لاستماعكم Citation: Al-Bakri, J. T. 2016. Auditing and assessment of groundwater abstraction in irrigated highlands of Jordan during year 2015. A report for Management of Water Resources Program - Water Governance Component, GIZ, Amman, Jordan.