Watercolor – pigment suspended in a solution of water and gum arabic Rag paper is the preferred support A staining technique (thin washes) Gouache – opaque watercolor (includes chalk)

Watercolor

Tempera Egg Tempera – egg yolk or white is the binder Gesso – chalk and glue; applied to a support as a ground (tempera and oil) Luminous, matte surface when dry Blending and reworking are difficult because of rapid drying

Tempera

Oil – Pigments mixed with various vegetable oils, such as linseed, walnut, and poppyseed Support can be wood, canvas.. Can provide increased opacity and greater transparency when thinned Slow drying allows blending and change Pigments do not change much when drying Impasto – thickly applied paint

Oil

Oil, impasto

Acrylic – pigments are suspended in acrylic polymer medium Allows fast drying (little blending, quicker glazing) Water thinned and resistant when dry Easier clean-up High degree of intensity due to transparent mediums

Acrylic

Fresco – finely ground pigments suspended in water and applied to a damp lime-plaster surface. Staining process similar to watercolor Once the plaster dries, the painting becomes part of the wall

Fresco

Printmaking Printmaking – a variety of techniques developed to reate multiple copies of a single image. There are 4 basic categories of printmaking are: Relief Intaglio Lithography Screenprinting

Relief – the printmaker cuts away all parts of the printing surface not meant to carry the ink Woodcuts Linoleum cut Examples of relief prints are fingerprints and marks made by wet tires

Woodcut Design with bold black and white contrast Does not easily yield shades of color For multiple colors individually inked blocks are carefully registered

Relief, woodcut

relief

The two intaglio processes are: Intaglio – “to cut into” the opposite of relief: areas below the surface hold the ink The two intaglio processes are: Engraving Etching

Engraving - lines are cut into the polished surface of a copper, zinc, steel, aluminum or plastic plate with a burin (removing narrow strips of metal) Precise smooth curves and lines are typical

Intaglio, engraving

Etching - the printmaker prepares the metal plate with a ground (protective coating of acid resistant material) -next they draw through the ground with a pointed tool exposing the metal - finally the plate is immersed in acid that “bites” into the plate where the metal is exposed Etching allows more freedom of line character

Lithography - litho crayons, litho pencils, or tusche is used to draw the image onto the surface of Bavarian limestone - The surface is chemically treated with gum arabic and acid to fix the image on the stone - the surface is dampened with water and inked The ink is repelled by water and adheres to the greasy area of the image

Lithograph

Screenprinting - stencil printing; adhering a stencil to a screen made of silk fabric (now synthetic) - after the stencil is in place, a squeegee is used to push ink through the fabric in the open areas Used for production of uniform colors There is no reversal of the image

Screen print