Chapter 10 The Union in Peril

Economic Differences in North and South Agriculture Slavery Wealthy Small Population North Manufacturing Anti-Slavery More even Distribution of income Larger Population

Territorial Disputes over slavery California New Mexico Utah

Wilmot Proviso “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in any territory the United States might acquire as a result of the war with Mexico.” Simply that California, Utah, and New Mexico would be admitted to the Union as free States

As a result of the Gold Rush, California skipped the Territorial Phase of becoming a state

End result is that the southern states begin screaming secession. The Senate begins to debate the admission of these states as free states. End result is that the southern states begin screaming secession.

Compromise of 1850 Clay’s Compromise Admitted California as a free state More effective fugitive slave law Popular Sovereignty

Protest, Resistance, and Violence

Fugitive Slave Act Declared open season on all slaves in the north Policeman were given a free hand in returning slaves as fugitives, whether they were or not. Northern states passed Personal Liberty Laws

The Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman Initiated the underground Railroad Soon other blacks and whites were conductors of the railroad Ex slave who was severely beaten

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe Portrayal of slave life on plantations Horrified the north / infuriated and banned by south Considered most widely sold book ever – united north against slavery “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.”

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North and South began to erupt into violence Kansas-Nebraska Act North and South began to erupt into violence

Kansas-nebraska act Fed Government wants to divide up the remainder of Louisiana Purchase Creates 2 new states: Kansas, Nebraska Stephen Douglas, senator from IL, wants to have transcontinental railroad run through IL Introduces Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act : Repealed Missouri Comp. Popular Sovereignty in new territories Opposed in the north Passed by President Pierce NE = chooses to be free KA = battleground for Civil War

Effects of KA-NE Act 1st was the Sack of Lawrence Thousands of Free-Soil northerners and southern border ruffians swept into Kansas and competed for the vote over slavery. At Lawrence, a posse of about 800 men went in and burned the antislavery headquarters to the ground

Violence in the Senate MA Senator Charles Sumner gives a two-day speech regarding the evil of slavery Insults SC Senator Butler Two days later – House member Preston Brooks (SC) attacks Sumner with gold tipped cane for insults toward his cousin Southern chivalry – defend family fiercely Sumner unable to work for years – re-elected but seat kept vacant Brooks – resigns from House, returns to SC where he is praised a hero re-elected to House by S. Carolina

2nd was the “Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown caught wind of the sack of Lawrence and Decided that God had sent him to rid the world of slavery Butchered 5 pro-slavery settlers in KA and left mutilated bodies for all to see…scare pro-slave supporters

John Brown Anti slavery Fanatic Called by God Bleeding Kansas Caught and Hanged at Harper’s Ferry http://www.history.com/topics/bleeding- kansas/videos/john-browns-last-speech

Harper’s Ferry https://safeshare.tv/x/ss589b26b095281 John Brown and 5 sons plan to incite a slave rebellion in Virginia Plan to seize federal armory at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia Get escaped slaves to help raid, be armed, and start rebellion No slaves get news of the plan – word spreads of Brown’s plan to fed. Gov’t Raid put down by U.S.. Marines led by Col. Robert E. Lee 5 sons die – Brown charged with treason and hung

The Birth of the Republican Party

Whigs Know Nothing Party Whig Party split Opposed Fugitive Slave Act Lukewarm support to the Compromise of 1850 Know Nothing Party Nativism Fence riders

Formation of Political Parties PARTY ESTABLISHED PLATFORMS Free Soil 1848 Anti extension of slavery Pro Labor Know Nothing 1854 (American Party) Anti-Immigration Anti-Catholic Whig 1834 Pro-business Divided on Slavery Republican 1854 Opposed expansion of slavery into territories Democratic 1840 (Democratic-Republican) States Rights Limited Government Divided on slavery

Secession

Dred Scott v. Sanford Slave from Missouri Owner moved to free state Scott believed he should be free Owner moved back to slave state and took Scott with him Court ruled in favor of owner, slaves did not have the same rights as citizens Government could not restrict slave owners from moving slaves within the U.S.

Change is own the Horizon A new Name begins to emerge as the savor for the Union

Abraham Lincoln

Election of 1860 John Bell John Breckinridge Stephen Douglas Abraham Lincoln

Formation of the Confederate States of America Southern States formed together Jefferson Davis Union is in peril Southern states left the Union as soon as Lincoln won the election