Chapter Essential Questions CHAPTER 10 The Civil War Chapter Essential Questions What caused the Civil War? How did the Union win the Civil War? What happened in the South after the Civil War?

Lesson 1: Essential Questions What is a civil war? What caused conflicts between the Northern and Southern states?

Key Vocabulary Sectionalism Diverse economy Free state Slave state Tariff fugitive

Different Regions By the mid-1800s, the regions of the U.S. were very different. This led to sectionalism.

The North Few plantations Slavery was abolished Most farms were small Slavery was abolished Diverse economy with more industries Goods were manufactured in factories Cities

The South Enslaved Africans worked on large plantations They grew cotton and tobacco Less populated towns Agricultural economy Cash crops were grown on plantations and sent to northern factories to be manufactured

Create a graphic organizer for the differences between the North and the South.

Division Over Slavery By 1804, northern states had outlawed slavery, but southern states wanted it for plantations. Mason-Dixon line: Imaginary line that separated the North & the South Located between PA and MD North of the line = free state South of the line = slave state

The Missouri Compromise 1819: Missouri wants to be a slave state, but this would make the number of free/slave states unequal. Henry Clay creates a plan that says, “Missouri will be a slave state” “Maine will be a free state” “Missouri Compromise line will determine if a state is free or slave state in the Louisiana Purchase”

High Tariffs 1828: Congress passed a high tariff, or tax on imports. This made the goods used by Southern plantation owners from Europe more expensive This made goods produced in the northern factories less expensive Southerners argued that the tariffs hurt the South, but helped the North

The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay (A.K.A. the Great Compromiser) creates another plan that says, “California will be a free state” “New Mexico and Utah would decide for themselves whether to be a free or slave state” “Under the Fugitive Slave Law, Americans are required to turn runaway slaves in”

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854: gave people in Kansas and Nebraska the right to chose if they were going to be a slave or free state This nullified the Missouri Compromise Because of fighting, the state became known as “Bleeding Kansas”

REVIEW Disagreements over tariffs, slavery, and states’ rights caused conflicts between Northern and Southern states. Sectionalism further divided the Northern and Southern states. Compromises were written to keep the number of free and slave states equal. These sometimes only worked temporarily.

Lesson 2: Resisting Slavery

Essential Questions What groups of people resisted slavery? How did the Dred Scott decision affect the U.S.? What was the Underground Railroad?

KEY VOCABULARY Underground Railroad

The Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott argued in the Supreme Court that he should be free because he lived in a free state and he had no slave owner. The Supreme Court ruled that he was considered property and he did not have rights or privileges. This also meant that Congress could NOT keep slavery out of certain states.

Abolitionists abolish means “to end” Nat Turner: led a revolt against slave-owners Samuel Cornish & John Russworm: wrote the Freedom’s Journal, first African-American newspaper William Lloyd Garrison: founded American Anti-Slavery Society Frederick Douglass: gave speeches and wrote about abolishing slavery Sojourner Truth (Isabella Van Wagener): “travelled” and preached about ending slavery

Women Fight for Change 1848: Seneca Falls Convention to raise awareness for women’s rights. 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Tom’s Cabin about mistreated slaves.

Underground Railroad Conductors helped slaves escape Not a railroad, not underground System of secret escape routes Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Slaves travelled north towards freedom Abolitionists helped runaway slaves “Follow the Drinking Gourd” Slaves also travelled to Mexico and the Caribbean for freedom