Tobacco http://youtu.be/EmFleeFj8F0

"People smoke to get the addictive drug, nicotine, but the drug alone does not cause cancer. The delivery system, a cigarette full of hundreds of toxic chemicals that are inhaled along with nicotine, does," said Ms. Reichert. "This misinformation leads many smokers to smoke 'light' cigarettes, thinking they will inhale less nicotine. In reality, smokers tend to smoke more light cigarettes and inhale more deeply to get nicotine from light cigarettes, resulting in a significant amount of harmful chemicals being inhaled."

Collaborative Questions What is a carcinogen? What do you already know about tobacco and its relation to cancer and other diseases?

Collaborative Questions How do you feel about a ban of tobacco use in public? Is it a good thing? Would it help/hurt the business? Does the use of tobacco while pregnant have an effect on the unborn baby? If so, what are those effects?

The Drug So what is the actual drug found in all tobacco products that lead to addiction? At a low dose, it acts as a mild stimulant. At a higher dose, it becomes a powerful nerve poison! 60 mg of nicotine is enough to kill most people. 1-2 mg are inhaled with each cigarette.

Cigarette Smoke and Poisonous Chemicals Smoke has more than 4,000 chemicals and at least 40 of those are carcinogens. Chemicals/agents that cause cancer

Tar Tar: sticky, black substance in tobacco smoke that coats the inside of the airways and that contains many carcinogens… Lungs after 20 cigarettes

…poisonous chemicals Cyanide-a poisonous gas used to develop photographs Formaldehyde-a substance used to preserve laboratory animals and as embalming fluid Lead-a dangerous metal Vinyl chloride-a flammable gas used to make plastic products Carbon monoxide-a gas that blocks oxygen from getting into the bloodstream Ammonia-used in bathroom cleaners

Causes of Death Due to Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking kills more than 400,00 people in the US each year

Short-Term Effects Nicotine enters the bloodstream in seconds and acts almost immediately Stimulates the “brain reward system” Increases heart rate and blood pressure (stimulant) Increases breathing rate Increases blood-sugar levels Stimulates the vomit reflex Carbon monoxide blocks oxygen from getting into the bloodstream Tar irritates the insides of lungs—coughing

Smokeless Tobacco (dip) The chemicals in dip damage the inside of the mouth The gums become irritated and raw—open sores and mouth cancer Outward effects…bad smell, dirty teeth, spitting

Before we talk about long-term effects… Respiratory system most severely affected by tobacco use Lungs are made of large tubes called bronchi and smaller tubes called bronchioles. The tubes deliver O2 to alveoli- tiny air sacks in the lungs. O2 passes from alveoli into the bloodstream. Healthy people secrete a thin layer of mucus in their bronchi to trap harmful particles that may be inhaled. This mucus is constantly removed from the lungs by tiny hairs called cilia. Cigarette smoke paralyzes and then kills cilia. How does this affect smokers?

Respiratory System in Smokers Mucus and all inhaled particles (including those from cigarettes) build up in the lungs and cause a chronic cough. Constant bronchi irritation causes swelling which makes breathing more difficult. Inflammation, built-up particles, tar and mucus leads to chronic bronchitis and infection

Respiratory Diseases Emphysema: respiratory disease where air cannot move in and out of the lungs because the walls of the alveoli break down and lose elasticity. Cannot breathe normally and is unable to get O2 to the body Worsens over time Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD): disorder that is a combo of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Causes chronic coughing, difficulty breathing, frequent infections, and eventual death due to respiratory failure Almost always linked with smoking…

Other Long-Term Effects (pg. 261) Addiction-brain reward system (pleasure) Bronchitis-irritation of bronchi Emphysema, COPD Heart and Artery Disease: More than 100,000 people die each year from heart and artery disease caused by cigarettes Cancer

Long-Term Effects cont. Immune System Suppression: chemicals reduce immune system cell activity-more vulnerable to disease-less able to fight infections Decreased ability of stomach to neutralize acid—acid build up (smokers and snuff users)stains on fingers, discolored teeth, bad breath Receding gum line, sores in mouth Dulls senses of smell and taste

Pg. 259 Complete the worksheet using the picture on page 259.

Secondhand Smoke Lung cancer from environmental smoke kills 3,400 nonsmokers in the US each year Liked with nasal sinus cancer and possible cervical cancer, breast cancer, and bladder cancer Lower respiratory infection Asthma More ear infections than those living with nonsmokers Reduced heart function Headaches Nausea dizziness

During Pregnancy Chemicals pass through placenta and affect the baby the same way they affect the mother Miscarriage Premature birth Low birth weight Increased risk of SIDS Developmental difficulties Cause physical dependence on nicotine Secondhand smoke pose the same risks Causes 150,00-300,000 lower-respiratory infections in children 18 months and younger

The Slippery Slope to Addiction Read Roberto’s case study and answer the questions on the back of your sheet. (pg. 269)

Costs Over $1,500 per year for tobacco products for families Lost wages due to illness Medical bills Funeral costs About $167 billion for society-medical care that cannot be paid (taxes, business costs for insurance, accidental fires, etc.)

Quitting Requires dedication and determination Withdrawal includes nervousness, irritability, or difficulty sleeping—sometimes easier to overcome than psychological addiction Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): delivers small amount of nicotine—nicotine patches, gum, lozenges, prescription meds that block nicotine’s actions in the brain Change your habits (exercise, engage in other activities) Set goals Set support