GUIDED NOTES on WWI US Homefront

Ration (limit) amt of food/fuel per person Economic Impact War Industries Board Oversaw production in factories/on farms (weapons, food, uniforms) Production inc 20% Unemployment disappears Ration (limit) amt of food/fuel per person a. Prohibition: 18th Amendment: alcohol made illegal because grain needed to feed soldiers

Racial tensions prevail Social Impact New Job opportunities Great Migration - 500,000 African Americans move North 13,000 women join the Navy Racial tensions prevail Army remains segregated

African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for France

General John J. Pershing “We must not eat with them, must not shake hands with them, seek to talk to them or to meet with them outside the requirements of military service. We must not commend too highly these troops, especially in front of white Americans”

Racial tensions prevail Social Impact New Job opportunities Great Migration - 500,000 African Americans move North 13,000 women join the Navy Racial tensions prevail Army remains segregated Red Summer - violent race riots in 26 cities i. End of war  job competition

Ghastly Deeds of Race Rioters Told: The Chicago Defender Reports the Chicago Race Riot, 1919 “An unidentified man, young woman and a 3 month old baby were found dead on the street at the intersection of 47th street and Wentworth avenue. She had attempted to board a car there when the mob seized her, beat her, slashed her body into ribbons and beat the Baby’s brains out against a telegraph pole. Not satisfied with this, one rioter severed her breasts and a white youngster bore it aloft on pole, triumphantly, while the crowd hooted gleefully. All the time this was happening, several policemen were in the crowd, but did not make any attempt to make rescue until too late.”

Political Impact Sedition Act: illegal to say anything negative about the gov, constitution, army, or navy Espionage Act: illegal to interfere with Selective Service Act (draft) or mail “Leftist” material Eugene V Debs = founder of Industrial Workers of the World (socialist labor union) – arrested for anti-war speech

Eugene V. Debs “To hell with war, to hell with all who crave it. When masters rule the world no more, we’ll needs no wars to save it.”

Eugene V. Debs Those who produce should have, but we know that those who produce the most – that is, those who work the hardest, and at the most difficult and most menial task, have the least

3. 19th Amendment = women’s suffrage Political Impact 3. 19th Amendment = women’s suffrage Carrie Chapman Catt = President of National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Alice Paul = President of National Women’s Party (NWP)