AP EURO Unit #5 – Nationalism of 19th Century PPT #503 Nationalism and Unifications of the Late 19th Century

Let’s analyze change over time: Analyze the shift of power from the early 1700s to the mid 1800s. Hints: 1715-1763 1763-1799 1803-1815 1815-1848 1848-1871 1871-??? These dates are the moments of a significant power shift. In other words, power dominance in Europe shifted from one nation to another during this particular time for a particular reason.

France, 1848-1870

French Nationalism Feb 1848: February Days Leads to the end of the July Monarchy Start of a new Republic June 1848: election of new National Assembly Conservatives elected (leads to June Days) Sep. elections Several 1848 l Bonaparte's elected Dec. 1848 Presidential Election 1852 – Presidential Coup 1853 – France transforms back to an Empire

Document Analysis Read the “Manifesto in Europe” 1848 Have each group member read a paragraph aloud to the rest of the group. The final member will read the questions and gather information from the group. Then, that group member will write the answers. We’ll discuss as a class

France becomes an Empire, again President Louis Napoleon (1848-1852) nephew to Napoleon born in Fontainebleau 1810 raised in arrogance of Bonaparte's attempted a coup in 1836 – exiled to Switz against Louis Philippe– “Citizen King” returned 1848 – elected in Sept ran for President Dec. 1848 elected with overwhelming majority (75%) Who do you suppose loved him most? Popular with the poorest workers, farmers and soldiers Promised to stimulate economy also: avoid future rebellion

Emperor Napoleon III Focused on Public Works projects Why? 3m Paris rebuild

French 19th C. wars Italian campaign Crimean War – 1854 Defended Pope, 1848 Crushed rebellion Crimean War – 1854 Joined by British Crushed Russians Restored balance of power – prevent expanding Russia War against Austria in N. Italy – 1859 Joined Italian monarchists to crush Austria How will success in these wars affect their attitude? Franco-Prussian War – 1870

France overconfident Napoleon III insulted by Germ. Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck (The IRON CHANCELLOR) A Hohenzollern prince invited to throne of Spain France insists on redress… or they will declare war – France got goaded into war They were SURE they could quickly defeat Prussia (who now led North Germ. Confed.) Instead, the technologically superior Germans defeated and humiliated the French in 6 weeks France forced accept defeat in Versailles France forced to pay reparations, give up land, and Napoleon forced to Abdicate German states united to defeat France France will seek revenge

Italian Unification 1852-1870

Italian Nationalists Goal: create an Italian Republic Free of Austrians, French and Papal control Started with Mazzini’s Young Italy Declaration of Roman Republic in 1848 Crushed by French troops – and they stayed Camillo Cavour appointed PM of Sardinia Served his king, Victor Emmanuel Goal: create monarchial Italian state VE was a prince and a general Ascended to king – turned power over to Cavour 1852

Unification of Italy What was the plan of Camillo Cavour? Step #1 – economic development Step #2 – expel the Austrians Step #3 – inspire other regions to join Which part of Italy benefitted most? What did the Crimean War have to do with Italians winning in the North, and getting independent from Austria?

Giuseppe Garibaldi Kingdom of Italy declared in 1860 What was Cavour’s plan for Garibaldi? How did Victor Emmanuel get all power in Italy? click

German Unification 1862-1870

Otto von Bismarck The “Iron Chancellor” German unification by BLOOD AND IRON Loyal Prime Minister to Prussian King William I Appointed 1862 Used Zollverein for Prussia Prussia dominated this trade union Austria remained outside Prussia modernized Austria lagged behind

Unification of Germany Otto von Bismarck – was like Cavour Step #1 – economic development Step #2 – become the dominant section of Germans Step #3 – inspire other regions to join Actions… Step #1 – Zollverein Step #2 – force Austria into an unwinnable war Step #3 – goad the French into declaring war

Bismarck’s wars Were limited in size, region and length Denmark (1864) Schleswig and Holstein Seven Weeks War (1866) Austro-Prussian War Proved Prussian dominance VERY soft on Austrians Goal: develop friendship with Prussians as dominant, not create enemy Franco-Prussian War (1870) Six weeks Unified all Germans Treaty of Versailles – insult to the French

3m explanation of German Unification

New German Nation The “second Reich” Bismarck transformed From a IRON CHANCELLOR (of war) To powerful, pragmatic diplomate of peace became a diplomat and man of peace Europe became a German continent German industry booming Bismarck dominated international politics Ex: several Berlin Conferences in coming years