Transformations Around the Globe Chapter 28 (P. 802-829) Transformations Around the Globe

China Largely self-sufficient Little interest in trading with the West European merchants needed to find a product the Chinese would buy in large quantities

Opium Habit-forming narcotic Used for pain relief in China for hundreds of years

Opium British merchants smuggled it into China for non-medical use (late 18th Century) By 1835, as many as 12 million Chinese were addicted

Opium War Qing Emperor demanded Britain stop trading opium 1939- War broke out China defeated by the more technologically advanced Britain Treaty gave Britain control of Hong Kong

Extraterritorial Rights Foreigners were not subject to Chinese law at certain ports Resentment grew

Internal Problems Population increased rapidly Food production barely increased People became discouraged Opium use rose steadily People began to rebel against the Qing Dynasty Taiping Rebellion- brought down but at least 20 million people died

Sphere of Influence Throughout the 19th century, other nations attacked China Treaty negotiations gave many of Europe’s major powers & Japan increasing control of China’s economy

Open Door Policy U.S. proposed that China’s trade be open to merchants of all nations China is free from colonization But, economy is at the mercy of foreign powers

Boxer Rebellion Society of Righteous & Harmonious Fists (Boxers) Peasants & Workers opposed to foreigner privilege Failed, but inspired nationalism

Chinese Reforms Chinese officials tour the world Return & suggest restructuring of government- constitutional monarchy Despite this effort, China remained in internal & external distress for the next 4 decades

End of Japanese Isolation U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry- brought 4 steam ships into Tokyo Harbor The Tokugawa Shogun realized he had no choice but to receive Perry

End of Japanese Isolation Under threat, Japan opened two ports to U.S. ships Other countries followed

Meiji Era Japanese people angry Tokugawa shogun stepped down Emperor took control of the Government Symbolized nationalism

Meiji Era Counter Western influence by modernization Imitated the best of foreign ideas Germany’s government & army British Navy American public education Industrialized

Results Japan gained military, political, & economic strength Became more imperialistic

Sino-Japanese War Japan vs. China Results: Chinese navy destroyed Japan gains a foothold in Manchuria & colonies

Russo-Japanese War Japan vs. Russia Results: Captured most of Russia’s Pacific Fleet Destroyed Russia’s Baltic Fleet Japan gained territories

Occupation of Korea Japan attacked, then annexed, Korea Harsh rulers Resentment helped build Korean nationalism

U.S. Imperialism Monroe Doctrine- the American continents will not be colonized Response to fears of European colonization of Latin American countries

Spanish-American War U.S. joins Cuban war for independence from Spain U.S. launched attack on Spanish-held Philippines Spain could not fight a 2 front war

Spanish-American War U.S. installs a military government in Cuba U.S. gains Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines from Spain

Panama Canal French company tried & failed U.S. offered payment to Columbia for right to build a canal Columbia refused U.S. urged Panamanian revolution

Panama Canal Panama won independence With U.S. help Granted U.S. a 10-mile wide zone to build the canal Opened in 1914

Roosevelt Corollary Gave the U.S. the right to be “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere