ISN pg 188, title: Treaty of Versailles. Preview: Draw a person on your paper. Write down 4 thoughts that a Allied soldier, Central Power Soldier, person on the homefront, OR a US citizen might have had during WW1 Draw their body so it describes what they would be doing during the war Draw a background that shows their surroundings

ISN pg 188, title: Treaty of Versailles. Preview: Define “War of Attrition” and explain how the Great War became a war of attrition. How is the use of Total War during the Great War going to make ending the war much harder than previous wars? (What have these nations invested in winning the war?)

The Treaty of Versailles The Big Four at the End of the War

The End of the War In July 1918, Allied forces broke through the western front Kaiser Wilhelm is told Germany can’t win the war; on Nov 9,1918 he abdicated & the German Weimar Republic is formed Other Central Powers surrendered

The End of the War On November 11,1918—an armistice ended the fighting

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

Effects of the War Total War—the enemy is the other “nation” (not just its army); it is OK to attack civilians & use blockades; new weapons are used to kill the enemy; a nation devotes all energy to war effort As a result of the war, government leaders are removed in Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary Countries are broke because they spent all their money on the war

Effects of the War Terrible death & destruction: 65-70 million soldiers were sent to fight; 8.5 million died; 21 million wounded; 7.75 million missing in action Casualty Rates—Russia (76%), France (73%), Germany (65%), Austria-Hungary (90%) War destroyed towns, farm land, & buildings

9,000,000 Dead

World War I Casualties

Paris Peace Conference In Jan 1919, 27 nations met in France to work out a treaty to officially end the war—Paris Peace Conference Big Four: US—Woodrow Wilson France—Georges Clemenceau England—David Lloyd George Italy—Vittorio Orlando

George (GB) Orlando (Italy) Clemenceau (France) Wilson (US)

France Prime Minister Clemenceau wanted to punish Germany; Made 3 demands to ensure war never happened again: Return Alsace-Lorraine (taken during Franco-Prussian War) Pay reparations to cover the entire cost of rebuilding Give up Rhineland so Germany cannot attack France again

England Many in England wanted to punish Germany too: “Squeeze ‘em until the pips squeak”; but Prime Minister David Lloyd George disagreed: If Germany was treated too harshly it will cause more trouble in the future; Germany should be allowed to recover Rhineland should be demilitarized (military removed), not taken over

Italy Prime Minister Orlando had agreed to leave the Triple Alliance (with Germany & Austria-Hungary) & fight for Allies after France & England secretly promised to give Adriatic Coast to Italy after the war; Italy’s only demand: France & England should keep their promise to give this land to Italy

United States Prez Woodrow Wilson came up with 14 Points of Light to restore Europe: Europe should have freedom of seas, free trade; Reduction of weapons; Divide all colonies Self Determination—countries should have right to choose their own type of government Create a League of Nations to prevent future wars

Paris Peace Conference Simulating the Negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles Signed June 28, 1919; 3 main topics: Military Money Territory

Treaty of Versailles: Military Germany was forced to: Reduce its army to 100,000 men Reduce its navy to 6 warships; no submarines; destroy its entire airforce No soldiers or military equipment allowed within 30 miles of the Rhineland Cannot manufacture war materials

Treaty of Versailles: Money Article 231 Germany forced to: Sign “War Guilt Clause” Article 231 accepting total responsibility for WW1 Pay $31 Billion in reparations to Allies over 30 years for damage; many felt this was too much & would destroy German economy.

Treaty of Versailles: Territory Germany was forced to give up land to the Allies; give up all overseas colonies, & give up Polish Corridor (separates Prussia from Germany) Italy didn’t get Adriatic Coast; used to form Yugoslavia (Serbia+Bosnia) New countries (from Russia): Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland; New countries (from Austria-Hungary): Czechoslovakia, Hungary

Germany after Versailles The new democratic government called the Weimar Republic signed the Treaty of Versailles Most Germans felt humiliated: Stabbed in back by those who signed the armistice Not allowed a say in treaty Punishment was too severe Why was only Germany to blame for the war?

Created a League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles

Results of Versailles Treaty of Versailles created more problems than it solved Riots, debt, humiliation in Germany will allow leaders (Hitler) to rise to power by promising revenge Italy was not given land it was promised; economic problems will lead to strong leaders who promise a return to glory (Mussolini)

V E R S A I L L E S

the Great War Barrel Bullet Opening Trigger Ammunition

What were the 4 MAIN causes of the Great War?

What was the single event that “sparked” the Great War?

Identify 5 things you know about the Great War

What were 3 results of the Great War? (think Versailles)

Essential Questions What four factors led to World War I? Why did the Treaty of Versailles create conditions leading to World War II? Was World War I avoidable?

Pg 188, review bingo: Militarism, Triple Alliance, Nationalism, Triple Entente, Balkans, Germany, A-H, England, France, Russia, USA, Serbia, Total War, War of Attrition, Battle of Marne, Battle of Tannenberg, Lenin, Stalin, Bolsheviks, Provisional Gov’t, Duma, Collective Farm, 5-Year Plans, Rasputin, Nicolas II, Wilhelm II, Weimar Republic, 1914, 1917, 1918, 1919, Zimmerman Note, Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, 14 Points of Light, League of Nations, Versailles, Brest-Litovsk, Central Powers