Menes (aka Narmer) First to unite Upper & Lower Egypt Established capital city of Memphis between them

Djoser

Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid

Sneferu’s Red Pyramid

Khufu’s ivory statue – only 3 inches

Khufu’s Great Pyramid had changes to try to prevent robbery – failed !

Khafre

Khafre’s pyramid and Sphinx

Ahmose I

Ahmose I fighting Hyksos

Ahmose I battle ax with bronze blade

Ahmose I mummy

Thutmose III

Thutmose III mummy – Did he get the last laugh on his step-mom Hatshepsut?

Hatshepsut – first a regent; then the only female pharaoh!

Hatshepsut’s temple – Who really scratched off her name?

Hatshepsut’s mummy – identified by DNA from a missing tooth found separately

Akhenaton aton

Akhenaton & Queen Nefertiti holding their 2 daughters under Aton

Akhenaton’s One God - Aton

Tutankhamen - too young to do great deeds as a pharaoh so why so famous?

Tut’s tomb in Valley of the Kings was hidden by rubble from a tomb above it

Looking inside chambers of Tut’s tomb Howard Carter saw “wonderful things.”

Three layers of coffins & a mask

Tut’s internal organs were well protected

More Tut treasures

Tut jewelry

Tut thrones

Tut loved to hunt & maybe fight

Ramses II – more monuments than any other pharaoh (supposedly because he put his name on other pharaohs’ monuments too)

Ramses II mummy

Ramses II’s Abu Simbel- Statues were larger than life to reinforce pharaoh’s status

Abu Simbel in pieces

Abu Simbel in danger

Abu Simbel inside

Abu Simbel – sunlight reaches the gods in the back only twice a year

Abu Simbel reassembled

Cleopatra VII In the movies In reality

Julius Caesar and Cleopatra

Marc Antony and Cleopatra